属性还是关系:人机哲学的新思考——兼与戴维·贡克尔教授商榷

Attribute or Relation:A New Reflection on Man-Machine Philosophy and Discussion with Professor David J.Gunkel

贡克尔教授对于技术伦理学中的关系路径展开过深入的讨论。他认为相较于属性路径,关系路径能够更好地帮助我们理解当下的技术现实,更加有效地分配道德责任等。在他看来,属性路径面临人类中心主义的风险,何种属性是与道德地位相关的通常是人任性拣选的。这一路径常常将技术排除在外,无法给予技术适当的道德地位。然而,关系路径和属性路径实际上并没有明显的分界,属性总是关系中的属性,关系也总是和属性相关的关系。一种关系性改造后的属性路径将有助于在克服各种规范性偏见的情况下,给予应对技术应有的道德关切。

This paper responds to Professor Gunkel's discussion on the“Relational Approach”in the field of technology ethics.Gunkel argues that compared to the“Attribute Approach”,the Relational Approach provides a better understanding of current technological realities and more effectively allocates moral responsibilities.The Attribute Approach faces the risk of anthropocentrism,where the determination of morally relevant attributes is often arbitrarily selected by humans.This approach often excludes technology from being granted an appropriate moral status.In the paper,it is pointed out that there is no clear distinction between the Relational and Attribute Approaches.Attributes are always properties within relationships and relations are always related to attributes.The Attribute Approach reformed through relationality will help us address technological moral concerns while overcoming various normative biases.