积极老龄化:理念、局限与拓展

The Concept,Limitations and Expansion of Active Aging

积极老龄化理念是积极应对人口老龄化挑战的主要战略思路之一,在全球范围内成为一种天然正确的政治话语,“健康”“参与”和“保障”是三项主要内容。积极老龄化思想虽然具有诸多贡献,但同样也存在理论构建的局限与不足,表现为缺少供给视角、局限在应然维度、造成消极与积极的二元对立、忽略残病扩张对老年健康的冲击、忽视退休年龄太早下的老年人力资源开发。基于此,积极老龄化理论可以从“健康”“参与”“保障”“责任”和“可持续”五位一体角度进行拓展,进而为中国探寻积极应对老龄化之路提供启发与裨益。

Active aging is one of the primary strategic approaches to proactively address the challenges of aging.This paper,based on a review of the origins of the international concept of active aging,summarizes and reflects upon the three main components of active aging:health,participation and security.It is argued that while the active aging has many advantages and contributions,it also has significant theoretical limitations and shortcomings.These manifest as a lack of a supply-side perspective,a focus on what ought to be rather than what it is,a binary opposition between negative and positive aging,an oversight of risk factors in older adult health,and a neglect of the development of the elderly workforce under the conditions of early retirement age.In response,the paper attempts to construct a new theory of active aging that integrates health,participation,security,responsibility and sustainability.The theory aims to inspire and benefit China's exploration for proactive strategies in addressing its aging population.