美国中小学工程教育改革的进展与启示

A study on the progress and enlightenment of engineering educationreform in primary and secondary schools in the United States

中小学工程教育作为培养后备工程人才的基础性支撑,已成为世界各国关注的热点议题.采用历史追溯法,对美国中小学工程教育改革的进展进行了分析.结果发现:美国确立了跨学科深度统整的中小学工程教育基本理念,并形成了目标-内容-过程-评价一体化的中小学工程教育实践框架;从政策制度、师资培育、质量评估、课程资源等方面构建了全方位的中小学工程教育保障支持体系.受美国的已有经验启示,我国需清晰阐明中小学工程教育的基本理念,系统构建中小学工程教育的实践框架,全面完善中小学工程教育的保障措施.

Engineering education in primary and secondary schools had been of fundamental importance for cultivating future engineering talents,and had emerged as a pressing concern for countries worldwide.The progress of engineering education reform in primary and secondary schools in the United States was analyzed by using the historical tracing method.The results showed that the United States had established the basic idea of deep interdisciplinary integration,had formed a relatively integrated practical framework,and had constructed a comprehensive supportive system.The existed experience of the United States suggested that China need to clarify the basic idea of engineering education in primary and secondary schools,systematically constructed a practical framework for engineering education in primary and secondary schools,and comprehensively improved the guarantee measures for engineering education in primary and secondary schools.