老年人皮肤干燥发生率及影响因素的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of incidence and influencing factors of dry skin in the elderly

目的 系统评价老年人皮肤干燥现状及其影响因素。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库,检索时限均为建库至2023年6月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、信息提取与质量评价,采用Stata 17.0软件进行老年人皮肤干燥发生率及影响因素的Meta分析。结果纳入19篇文献,均为横断面研究,包括69 260例老年人,其中发生皮肤干燥的人数为24 580人。老年人皮肤干燥总发生率为49%[95%CI(36%,61%)];亚组分析显示,男性、欧洲地区、来自养老机构的老年人皮肤干燥发生率较高,样本量<1000例的文献、发表年份为2012—2017年的文献中老年人皮肤干燥发生率也相对较高,老年人下肢部位皮肤干燥发生率最高,其次为上肢、躯干和头面部。年龄[OR=1.43,95%CI(1.05,1.94),P=0.021]、性别[OR=0.15,95%CI(0.04,0.25),P=0.005]、罹患糖尿病[OR=1.18,95%CI(1.13,1.23),P <0.001]、心血管疾病[OR=1.15,95%CI(1.11,1.20),P <0.001]、皮肤瘙痒[OR=9.65,95%CI(6.36,14.64),P <0.001],以及使用利尿剂[OR=1.22,95%CI(1.10,1.35),P <0.001]和抗生素[OR=1.08,95%CI(1.03,1.13),P <0.001]是老年人发生皮肤干燥的影响因素。结论 老年人皮肤干燥发生率较高,年龄、性别、患有糖尿病、心血管疾病、皮肤瘙痒,以及使用利尿剂和抗生素是老年人皮肤干燥的影响因素,应重视相关人群皮肤干燥的评估和护理,本研究也存在一定局限性,未来应进一步开展高质量的研究来验证。

Objective To systematically evaluate the status and influencing factors of dry skin in the elderly.Methods The PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,VIP and Wan-Fang databases were systematically searched from the establishment of each database to June,2023.Literature screening,quality evaluation,and information extraction were conducted independently by two researchers,and Meta-analysis of incidence and influencing factors was performed using Stata 17.0 software.Results 19 literatures were included,all cross-sectional studies,including 69,260 elderly patients,of whom 24,580 had dry skin.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of dry skin in the elderly was 49%[95CI%(36%,61%)].The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of dry skin was higher among elderly people in men,from nursing institutions and in the European regions.The prevalence of dry skin in the elderly was also relatively high in the literature with a sample size<1,000,and a publication year between 2012 and 2017,with the highest prevalence of dry skin in the lower extremity areas of the elderly,followed by the upper extremities,the trunk,and the head and face.Results of Meta-analysis showed that gender[OR=0.15,95%CI(0.04,0.25),P=0.005],age[OR=1.43,95%CI(1.05,1.94),P=0.021],diabetes mellitus[OR=1.18,95%CI(1.13,1.23),P<0.001],cardiovascular disease[OR=1.15,95%CI(1.11,1.20),P<0.001],pruritus[OR=9.65,95%CI(6.36,14.64),P<0.001],diuretics[OR=1.22,95%CI(1.10,1.35),P<0.001]and antibiotics[OR=1.08,95%CI(1.03,1.13),P<0.001]were the influential factors in the development of dry skin in the elderly.Conclusion Higher prevalence of dry skin in the elderly,with age,gender,diabetes,cardiovascular disease,itchy skin,and the use of diuretics and antibiotics as influencing factors for dry skin in the elderly.However,this study also has some limitations,which should be verified by further high-quality studies in the future.