分体组合振动式超级稻精量播种匀种装置设计与试验

Simulation and Experiment of Piezoelectric Vibration Super Rice Precision Seeding and Unifying Device

针对超级稻育秧播种环节振动式排种器匀种性能差,难以实现精量播种的问题,设计一种分体组合振动式精量播种匀种装置,并提出了一种基于图像识别的振动匀种控制方法。对振动板关键结构参数:储种盒深度和转向槽角度进行匀种性能单因素离散元仿真分析,结果表明:输送阶段不同时间和空间匀种均匀性变异系数和振动板出口处供种均匀性变异系数随储种盒深度增大而增大,随转向槽角度增大先减小后增大,并确定储种盒深度和转向槽角度分别为12 mm和48°。设计并搭建了种子流图像检测与控制系统,压电振动单体和匀种单元图像检测和整流验证试验表明,当检测到图像中白色低像素占比低于20%,经整流后,白色像素占比可满足设计要求。对分体组合振动式播种匀种装置进行不同匀种电压和具有不同长宽比的3种超级稻品种进行播种性能试验。试验结果表明,当工作电压为150~200 V时,其播种合格率不小于93.47%,漏播率不大于1.00%;3种水稻种子播种合格率均不小于94.17%,漏播率不大于0.67%。该装置能够满足超级稻精量播种要求,且对不同超级稻种子具有较好的适应性。

A split and combined vibration seeding and leveling device was designed to address the problem of poor seeding performance of the vibrating seed metering device in the super rice seedling cultivation and sowing process that made it difficult to achieve precision seeding,and a vibration seed leveling control method based on image recognition was proposed.The single factor discrete element simulation analysis of the key structural parameters of the vibration plate was carried out.The results showed that the variation coefficient of the uniformity of the vibration plate and the variation coefficient of the supply uniformity at the exit of the vibration plate was increased with the increase of depth of box.With the increase of angle of steering groove,the depth of the seed storage box and the angle of the steering groove were determined to be 12mm and 48°,respectively.A seed stream image detection and control system was designed and built.The test of piezoelectric vibration monomer and homogenizing unit image detection and rectification showed that when the proportion of white low pixels in the detected image was less than 20%,after rectification,the proportion of white pixels could meet the design requirements.The results showed that the qualified rate was not less than 93.47%and the missed rate was not more than 1.00%when the operating voltage was 150~200V.The qualified sowing rate of the three rice seeds was not less than 94.17%,and the missing sowing rate was not more than 0.67%.The device can meet the requirements of precision sowing of super rice and had good adaptability to different super rice seeds.