外部市场需求规模对企业出口国内附加值率的影响研究——基于企业生命周期视角

The Effect of External Market Demand Scale on the Firm’s Export Domestic Value Added Rate——A Study from the Perspective of Firm Life Cycle

企业作为贸易活动的主体,详细考察外部市场需求规模对企业出口国内附加值率的影响有助于更好地理解国际市场需求环境变化会如何影响企业出口贸易水平。基于理论层面的分析和相应研究假说,以2000—2013年中国工业出口企业为样本数据,探讨外部市场需求规模变化对企业出口国内附加值率的影响和作用机制,并着重从企业生命周期异质性视角对该影响与机制进行详细研究发现:外部市场需求增加能够提升企业出口国内附加值率,机制检验表明出口规模效应的促进作用占主导,缓解了竞争效应的抑制作用;由于这两种效应对不同生命周期阶段企业出口国内附加值率的影响存在差异,进而外部市场需求冲击对企业出口国内附加值率的提升作用程度依次为成熟期企业、成长期企业、衰退期企业,这个结论在一系列稳健性检验下依然成立;同时,外部市场需求增加对低技术、加工贸易以及出口到发达国家或地区的企业的出口国内附加值率会产生更明显的积极影响。

In the post-crisis era,the global economy is uncertain.In particular,destabilizing factors in the international economic situation have increased in recent years,such as the rise of anti-globalization and trade protectionism,increased trade frictions and public health emergencies of international concern.These will cause repeated fluctuations in international market demand.As the mainstay of trade activities,will the changes in the international market environment,especially the demand shock,have an impact on the export upgrading of Chinese enterprises?Based on the theoretical foundation of how external market demand affects the domestic value added rate of enterprises,this paper takes the sample data of China’s industrial export enterprises from 2000 to 2013,explores the impact and mechanism of the scale of external market demand on the domestic value added rate of enterprises,and discusses the impact and mechanism in detail from the perspective of enterprise life cycle heterogeneity.The research conclusions are as follows.(1)The increase of external market demand will promote the firm’s domestic value added rate.And the mechanism test shows that the positive effect of export scale dominates and mitigates the negative effect of competition.Therefore,the final result presented is the positive effect of increasing the scale of external market demand on the domestic value added rate of enterprises.(2)The promoting effect of the external market demand effect on the domestic value added rate of enterprises is more obvious for enterprises in the mature period,followed by enterprises in the growth period,with the least promoting effect for enterprises in the declining period.Specifically,as the export scale effect has a greater impact on improving the domestic value added rate of mature enterprises,the expansion of external market demand also plays a greater role in promoting the domestic value added rate of export enterprises.Meanwhile,enterprises in a recession benefit less from the export scale effect and they hardly resist market competition risks,so the expansion of external market demand has the least promoting effect on their export domestic value added rate.(3)The heterogeneity analysis of other dimensions found that the external market size has a more obvious effect on low-tech enterprises,processing trade enterprises and enterprises exporting to developed countries.From the perspective of the trade in practice,first,the government should promote the construction of a high-standard opening-up platform,establish trade cooperation with more countries,sign free trade agreements,and actively promote the process of regional trade agreements such as CPTPP or DEPA,so as to help enterprises expand the group of trade partners and create a stable trade environment for enterprises.Second,the life cycle of the enterprise will achieve the stage leap with the strengthening of management,strategic adjustment,continuous innovation and so on.Therefore,enterprises should strengthen the effective management of their life cycle,promote their own sustainable and healthy growth,and maintain abundant market vitality.Finally,enterprises should improve core competitiveness,enhance technological innovation and produce products more in line with market demand,which will help enterprises to better seize the opportunity in the face of external demand expansion and take the lead in competition.