冶金设备用铜及其合金表面处理技术的发展现状

Development status of surface treatment technology for copper and its alloys for metallurgical equipment

目前,表面技术在冶金设备上的应用已有较大量尝试,铜及铜合金的表面处理技术研究报道也较多,但系统梳理铜合金关键冶金部件失效形式和铜合金的表面处理技术研究现状的相关报道还较少.本文综述了连铸结晶器、高炉风口小套、转炉氧枪头三种关键冶金部件面临的表面失效形式以及电镀、热喷涂与冷喷涂、表面熔覆、激光处理和合金共渗等几种表面处理技术在铜合金表面改性领域的研究发展现状,对比分析了几种表面处理技术的优缺点,并对高熵合金材料在铜合金表面强化领域的应用潜力进行了展望.开发新的涂层材料、优化镀膜工艺以及复合表面处理技术,如将激光表面处理与表面涂层技术复合,是实现表面处理技术在冶金设备用铜合金部件长寿化领域应用的可能方向.

Copper and its alloys have various applications in the metallurgical industry due to their good thermal conductance.Continuous casting mold,blast furnace tuyere cooler,and converter oxygen lance’s nozzle are the core components to ensure normal steel production.With increasingly severe service conditions and the goal of long component life,there is an urgent need to improve the surface properties of copper alloy components to curb premature component failure due to surface abrasion,corrosion,or oxidation.Therefore,the effective surface treatment of copper alloy parts is of great significance to the development of the steel industry,which combines the high thermal conductivity of copper alloys and the high strength,heat resistance,or corrosion resistance of the protective layer.There have been numerous attempts to apply surface technologies to metallurgical equipment and more reports on surface treatment technologies for copper and copper alloys.However,fewer reports have systematically sorted out the failure forms of key metallurgical components of copper alloys and the current state of research on surface treatment technology for copper alloys.Therefore,this paper first reviews the main surface failures of three key copper alloy components,namely the continuous casting crystallizer,the blast furnace air outlet bushing,the converter oxygen lance head,and the current technical methods to improve the overall performance of these components.Second,this paper reviews the current research and development status of several surface treatment technologies in the field of copper alloy surface modification,such as electroplating,thermal spraying and cold spraying,surface fusion coating,laser treatment,and alloy co-infiltration.Moreover,it highlights the emerging thermal spraying,cold spraying,surface fusion coating technology,and laser surface treatment technology;contrasts and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these surface treatment technologies;and provides an overview of the physical vapor deposition refractory high-entropy alloy film technology.The potential application of physical vapor deposition of refractory high-entropy alloy films in surface strengthening of copper alloys is prospected.Developing new coating materials,optimizing the physical vapor deposition technology coating process,and combining various surface treatment technologies(such as laser surface treatment and surface coating technology)are possible directions to improve surface properties and bond strength.They will enable a longer life of copper alloy components for metallurgical equipment.