中国专精特新企业的时空格局与区位因素

Spatio-temporal patterns and location factors of specialized,refined,unique and innovative enterprises in China

专精特新企业是经济高质量发展的生力军,厘清其时空格局及影响因素对强化城市科技创新与经济韧性具有重要意义。基于工信部2019—2022年发布的专精特新“小巨人”企业名单,分析9279家专精特新企业时空分布特征,并通过多尺度地理加权回归揭示其区位选择的影响因素。结果表明:①我国专精特新企业的发展分为平稳起步期、快速增长期、高位波动期和收缩发展期4个阶段;②企业数量的空间分布差异较大,呈现由东到西递减格局,集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、长中游、成渝和山东半岛城市群;③专精特新企业以二、三产业为主,其中工业、公共服务及管理组织业是热点行业;④企业的空间聚集度因行业而异,但整体上仍高度聚集在北京、上海、深圳、宁波、重庆、杭州、武汉、成都等高能级城市;⑤该格局受到城市的经济禀赋、产业发展、基础设施、市场环境和企业自身特性的共同影响。

The specialized,refined,unique and innovative(SRUI)enterprises are new contributors to the high-quality economic development.Clarifying their spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors at the city level is crucial for enhancing urban innovation and economic resilience.Based on SRUI enterprises identified by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology during 2019-2022,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of 9279 SRUI enterprises in Chinese cities and explored the influencing factors of their location choices through multiscale geographically weighted regression.The results showed that:①The SRUI enterprises experienced four-stage development:Steady initial phase,rapid growth phase,high volatility phase,and contraction development phase.②The number of SRUI enterprises presented heterogenous spatial distribution with a gradual decrease from east to west,primarily in city regions as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,the middle reaches of Yangtze River,Sichuan-Chongqing and Shandong Peninsula.③The SRUI enterprises were dominated by secondary and tertiary industries,in which industry,public service and management organization became hotspots.④The agglomeration degree of these enterprises differed among industries,but they were generally concentrated in cities like Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Ningbo,Chongqing,Hangzhou,Wuhan,Chengdu,etc.⑤These patterns were jointly affected by the city′s economic endowment,industrial development,infrastructure,market environment,and the features of SRUI enterprises per se.