明清家具一腿三牙结构部件类型与匠意研究

A Study on the Construction Characteristics and Craftsmanship of One Leg and Three Teeth Structural Components of Ming and Qing Dynasty Furniture

通过书籍、博物馆、拍卖会等渠道收集统计了52例具有一腿三牙结构部件的明清家具,根据一腿三牙结构部件中角牙的造型,将一腿三牙结构部件分为A类型、B类型和C类型。分类的目的是为了更好地探讨构件与构件之间的关系,分析出不同类型构造规律、构造原理以及蕴含的匠意。经探究得出,一腿三牙部件在家具中的构造原理为受力解力、加固稳定以及家具顺纹而做遵循木材的物理力学性能。此外,总结了一腿三牙结构部件所蕴含的美学内涵、线脚艺术以及其中的榫卯结构。研究结果有助于深化对一腿三牙部件的认识,同时为研究明清家具中的结构部件提供新思路。

Through books,museums,auctions and other channels collected statistics of 52 cases of furniture with one leg and three teeth structural components,according to the shape,one leg and three teeth structural components were divided into A type,B type and C type.The purpose of classification was to better explore the relationship among different components,the different types of construction rules,construction principles and the meaning of the craftsman were analyzed.After investigation,it was concluded that the construction principle of one leg and three teeth parts in furniture was to stress,strengthen and stabilize,and followed the physical and mechanical properties of wood.In addition,the aesthetic connotation,the stitching art and the mortise and tenon structure of one leg and three teeth structural components were summarized.The research results were helpful to deepen the understanding of the one leg and three teeth structural components,and provided new ideas for the study of the structural parts of furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties.