基于网络药理学和实验验证探讨小金丹治疗乳腺癌作用机制

Study on Mechanism of Xiaojin Pills in Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification

目的采用网络药理学方法结合实验验证探究小金丹治疗乳腺癌的作用及分子机制。方法通过TCMSP、TCM-ID、ETCM及SwissTargetPrediction数据库筛选小金丹的化学成分及作用靶点,通过GeneCards、OMIM、KEGG数据库收集乳腺癌相关靶点,将药物与疾病共同靶点导入STRING数据库分析蛋白相互作用(PPI),通过Cytoscape3.8.0根据节点拓扑参数值筛选PPI网络的关键靶点,采用DAVID数据库进行KEGG通路和GO富集分析,构建药物-化学成分-关键靶点-信号通路网络。采用人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3研究小金丹提取物对细胞凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并对富集得到的关键通路进行验证。结果筛选得到小金丹中槲皮素、杨梅素、乔松素、β-谷甾醇等181个化学成分,小金丹治疗乳腺癌作用的潜在靶点615个。通过PPI网络节点拓扑参数值筛选得到170个关键靶点,涉及SRC、ERK1/2、AKT1、EGFR等核心靶点。KEGG通路富集分析显示,癌症中的通路、MAPK信号通路、内分泌抵抗信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等可能在小金丹治疗乳腺癌的过程中起关键作用。GO富集分析显示,细胞功能涉及蛋白质磷酸化、炎症反应、细胞凋亡过程的负调节、ERK1和ERK2级联的正向调节等。细胞实验表明,小金丹通过抑制MAPK、PI3K-AKT通路激活,进一步诱导线粒体依赖的细胞凋亡;同时增加上皮性标志物ZO-1、β-catenin表达,逆转上皮-间充质转化过程,抑制乳腺癌细胞转移。结论本研究通过网络药理学结合体外实验得到小金丹治疗乳腺癌的关键靶点和涉及的信号通路,可为深入研究其药效物质基础、作用机制及临床应用提供依据。

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer using an integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification.Methods The chemical components and potential targets of Xiaojin Pills were obtained from TCMSP,TCM-ID,ETCM and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Breast cancer related targets were collected from GeneCards,OMIM and KEGG databases.The overlapped targets were imported into STRING database to analysis a protein-protein interaction(PPI).The key targets of PPI networks were screened based on node topology parameter values through Cytoscape 3.8.0.DAVID database was used to analyze the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment to build drug-chemical components-key targets-signaling pathway network.The breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 were used to study the effects of Xiaojin Pills extract on cell apoptosis,migration and invasion,and to verify the key pathway obtained by enrichment analysis.Results Totally 181 chemical components in Xiaojin Pills were obtained,including quercetin,myricetin,pinocembrin andβ-sitosterol.615 potential targets were identified for the anti-breast cancer effects of Xiaojin Pills.After overlapping,170 key targets against breast cancer were identified based on the topological analysis,which included SRC,ERK1/2,AKT1,EGFR,etc.KEGG analysis enriched pathways including pathways in cancer,MAPK signaling pathway,endocrine resistance,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,apoptosis,and HIF-1 signaling pathway,which may play important roles in the therapeutic effects of Xiaojin Pills against breast cancer.GO enrichment was involved in protein phosphorylation,inflammatory response,negative regulation of apoptosis,and positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades.Cell experiments showed that Xiaojin Pills further induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways.At the same time,the expressions of ZO-1 andβ-catenin increased,and the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process was reversed to inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells.Conclusion The key targets and signaling pathways of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer are studied through network pharmacology combined with in vitro experiments,which provided a basis for further study of its pharmacodynamic material basis,mechanism of action and clinical application.