对外贸易高质量发展评价体系的构建与测度

Construction and Measurement of Evaluation System of High-Quality Development of Foreign Trade

基于《中共中央、国务院关于推进贸易高质量发展的指导意见》和《“十四五”对外贸易高质量发展规划》,从结构效益水平、创新发展水平、可持续发展水平、新业态发展水平、综合服务水平和规模地位水平六个维度构建对外贸易高质量发展评价指标体系,对我国2014—2020年对外贸易高质量发展水平进行了测度和分析。结果显示,我国对外贸易高质量发展整体水平和各维度发展水平都在不断提升。各维度指标对对外贸易高质量发展的贡献度不同:结构效益水平的贡献度最大,规模地位水平和综合服务水平的贡献度次之;各维度指标在不同年份对对外贸易高质量发展的贡献度也不相同,综合服务水平和创新发展水平贡献度上升较大,结构效益水平和新业态发展水平的贡献度在波动中有所上升,而可持续发展水平和规模地位水平的贡献度下降。对外投资的扩大、综合服务水平的提升、贸易结构的优化和科技创新的发展是目前促进我国对外贸易高质量发展的主要力量;而贸易效益、贸易均衡和跨境电子商务对我国对外贸易高质量发展的贡献还较小。

Based on “The Guiding Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Trade” and “The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for High-quality Development of Foreign Trade”,an evaluation index system for high-quality development of foreign trade was constructed from six dimensions:structural benefit level,innovation development level,sustainable development level,new business development level,comprehensive service level and scale status level,and the highquality development level of foreign trade in China from 2014 to 2020 was evaluated and analyzed.It is believed that:the high-quality development level of China's foreign trade has been continuously improved in the whole and all dimensions.The contribution of each dimension index to the high-quality development of foreign trade is different:the contribution of structural benefit level is the largest,followed by the contribution of scale status level and comprehensive service level.The contribution of each dimension index to the highquality development of foreign trade is also different in different years.The contribution of comprehensive service level and innovative development level has increased greatly,structural benefit level and new business development level have increased in fluctuations,while the contribution of sustainable development level and scale status level has decreased.The expansion of foreign investment,the improvement of comprehensive service level,the optimization of trade structure and the development of scientific and technological innovation are the main forces to promote the high-quality development of China's foreign trade.However,the contribution of trade efficiency,trade balance and cross-border e-commerce to the high-quality development of China's foreign trade is still small.