归乡与扎根:知识型青年返乡就业的困境与政策支持——基于社会资本视角

Returning Home and Rooting:A Study on the Dilemma and Policy Support of Knowledge-Oriented Youth Returning Home for Employment from Perspective of Social Capital

在乡村振兴战略背景下,青年返乡就业创业对复苏革命老区经济发展的具有重要现实意义。以12名大别山区返乡知识型青年为研究对象,基于社会资本理论的视角发现,“关系闭合”和“制度缺位”是知识型青年返乡就业遇到的主要障碍,导致青年返乡就业陷入能就业却难扎根的现实困境。因此,从关系维度看,乡村社会要积极营造融合性的新时代乡村文化,破除职业代际影响的文化壁垒,激发返乡青年主动嵌入乡村社会网络的自主性;从制度维度看,乡村社会要健全人才管理体系,完善多元激励机制,畅通人才晋升渠道,强化校地人才合作,为大别山区知识青年扎根于乡村建设提供保障。

In the context of rural revitalization strategy,youth returning to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship has important practical significance for reviving the economic development of revolutionary old areas.Twelve knowledge-based young people returning to their hometowns in the Dabie mountain area were taken as the research object.Based on the perspective of social capital theory,it is found that “closed relationships” and “lack of systems” are the main obstacles faced by knowledge-based youth returning to their hometowns for employment,leading to the practical dilemma of being able to find employment but difficult to take root for youth returning to their hometowns.Therefore,from a relational standpoint,rural society should actively usher in a new era of integrated rural culture,dismantle cultural barriers built by generations of workers,and encourage returning youth to take an active role in integrating themselves into rural social networks.Institutionally speaking,rural society must create a strong talent management system,enhance varied incentive programs,clear obstacles to talent promotion,fortify ties between local talent and educational institutions,and offer assurances that knowledge-based youth in the Dabie mountain area will find a home in rural development.