不同沉水植物对日本沼虾生长存活及水环境影响特征

Characteristics of different submerged macrophytes on the growth and survival of Macrobranchium nipponense and their effects on aquatic environment

为揭示沉水植物对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生长过程影响效应,进行为期90 d的微宇宙控制实验,研究轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)和苦草(Vallisneria natans)单独及两两组合的种植系统对日本沼虾生长存活及水环境变化的影响。结果显示,轮叶黑藻、苦草及其组合能较好地提高系统空间异质性,且水体pH、DO及水体透明度均保持在较稳定波动范围,但轮叶黑藻及轮叶黑藻+苦草组后期透明度明显升高、叶绿素a含量显著下降(P<0.05)。轮叶黑藻、苦草及其组合中日本沼虾存活率高于对照组,且虾存活率及生物量与轮叶黑藻生物量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),表明轮叶黑藻对日本沼虾生长存活具有显著促进作用。本研究可为草虾共作生态养殖模式的优化及日本沼虾养殖提质增效提供依据。

To reveal the effect of submerged macrophytes on the cultivation of Macrobrachium nipponense,a 90-day microcosmic experiment was conducted.The experiment aimed to simulate the cultivation system of three different macrophytes,namely Hydrilla verticillata(H),Potamogeton crispus(P),and Vallisneria natans(V),both individual and in pairwise combinations.The emphasis was to evaluate the effects of these macrophytes on the growth,survival,and aquatic environment characteristics of M.nipponense.The results of the experiment showed that the presence of H.verticillata,and V.natans,and their combinations effectively enhanced spatial heterogeneity and maintained water quality parameters,such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO)levels,and water transparency.However,it was observed that the transparency of the H.verticillata and H.verticillate+V.natans groups significantly increased during the later stages of the experiment,while the chlorophyll a content significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the later stage of the experiment.The survival rate of M.nipponense was found to be higher in the H.verticillata,V.natans,and their combination groups compared to the control group.Additionally,the shrimp's survival rate and biomass showed a significantly positive correlation with the biomass of H.verticillata(P<0.01),indicating that the presence of H.verticillata significantly promoted the growth and survival of M.nipponense.Those findings provide valuable insights for optimizing ecological aquaculture patterns and improving the overall quality and efficiency of M.nipponense cultivation.