养殖尾水对河流沉积物中微生物多样性的影响

The effect of aquaculture tail water on microbial diversity in river sediments

海产品工厂化养殖是现阶段全球蛋白质供应的主要途径,但其尾水资源化再利用研究不足。因此,本研究通过原位采样和高通量检测技术,分析黄河三角洲永丰河和养殖尾水排水渠中不同样点原位生物群落结构。结果发现,细菌方面永丰河上游与排水渠源头的优势菌属一致,以Gillisia(25.44%~60.35%)和Psychrobacter(4.26%~7.36%)为主;下游和入海口沉积物中主要为Psychrobacter(23.27%~56.73%)和Proteiniclasticum(16.24%~39.58%)。主坐标分析(Principal co-ordinates analysis,PCoA)发现,永丰河与排水渠沉积物中细菌群落间存在一定差异,但差异并不明显。代谢分析发现,排水渠中受到养殖尾水影响有大量有机物亟待处理,导致其中特异性降解的增加,而在入海河口附近,维持渗透压是沉积物中细菌生长的关键。古菌方面,上游沉积物以Candidatus Nitrocosmicus(7.14%~22.98%)和Methanosaeta(13.08%~25.69%)为主;污染源头以Marine Group II(39.38%)为主;下游和入海口沉积物主要是Nitrososphaeraceae(32.70%~78.17%)和Methanogenium(2.19%~11.24%)。PCoA结果表明,样品间的古菌群落有一定的相似性,采样区域的差异并不明显。代谢分析结果表明,古菌更加保守所以更适应于海水渗透压,而且更容易受到有机质输入影响,同时古菌可能参与到芳香族代谢的末端降解过程中。研究结果显示,养殖尾水具有极高的资源化产甲烷的潜力,但其多样的有机碳需要更多的降解菌群参与提高效率。

Industrialized aquaculture of seafood is the main global protein supply.But tail water discharge is the source of pollution in coastal waters,which the reuse research is insufficient.Therefore,in this study,in-situ sampling and high-throughput detection were used to analyze the sediment in the Yongfeng River and the drainage canal in Yellow River Delta,exploring the potential in-situ biological technique.The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the upper reaches of Yongfeng River were consistent with those in the discharge area,mainly Gillisia(25.44%-60.35%)and Psychrobacter(4.26%-7.36%).Meanwhile Psychrobacter(23.27%-56.73%)and Proteiniclasticum(16.24%-39.58%)were the main components in the sediments of the downstream and the estuary.Principal Coordinate Analysis(PCoA)revealed some differences in bacterial communities between the Yongfeng River and the drainage channel sediment.And metabolic analysis indicated that a considerable amount of organic matter in the drainage channel was affected by aquaculture tailwater,leading to an increase in specific degradation.It was found that maintaining osmolality might be crucial for the growth of bacteria in costal sediment.In terms of archaea,the upstream sediments were mainly Candidatus Nitrocosmicus(7.14%-22.98%)and Methanosaeta(13.08%-25.69%),while the main in pollution sources were Marine Group II(39.38%).Nitrososphaeraceae(32.70%-78.17%)and Methanogenium(2.19%-11.24%)were the dominant species in the downstream and estuary sediments.Through PCoA analysis,it was found that there is some similarity in the archaeal communities between the samples.Metabolic analysis revealed that archaea has better adapted to seawater osmotic pressure.Archaea are also more susceptible to organic matter input,which the archaea may participate in the terminal degradation process of aromatic metabolism.The results reveal that the aquaculture effluent has a high potential for methanogens,but its diverse organic carbon requires a variety of degrading bacteria to participate in improving efficiency.