黄芩的生物学功能及其在水产养殖中的应用

Biological function of scutellaria baicalensis and its application in aquaculture

在当前养殖户普遍追求高密度水产养殖的背景下,滥用或违规使用化学渔药已成为制约水产养殖业健康、绿色、可持续发展的关键因素之一,如何引导广大养殖户科学养殖、规范养殖是当前水产养殖推广工作的核心。要做到这一点,需要广大渔药生产企业研发安全、绿色、低毒或无毒的新型渔药来满足养殖户的需求。中草药是中国的传统瑰宝,取自天然的动植物,与化学渔药相比具有来源广泛、易于获得、价格低廉、加工方便等特点,可以大大降低养殖成本。其中黄芩作为中国的传统中草药之一,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎的功效,广泛应用在医学领域。以黄芩为主要原料制备的商品化渔药,包括大黄芩鱼散、穿梅三黄散、大黄芩蓝散等数种产品已批准使用的中药材或中成药,均已进入最新的兽药典、兽药质量标准或农业农村部公告中。这些商品化渔药在鱼病防治、抗应激、增强免疫力等方面有良好的应用前景。本研究总结了黄芩的相关基础研究及其在水产养殖中的应用现状,为今后黄芩在水产养殖中的合理开发和推广应用提供理论参考。

In the current form of farmers generally pursue high-density aquaculture,the abuse or illegal use of chemical fish drugs has become one of the key factors restricting the healthy,green,and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.How to guide the majority of farmers to scientifically and standardize aquaculture is the core work in the current promotion of aquaculture.To achieve this,it requires the majority of fishery drugs production enterprises to develop safe,green,low-toxicity,or non-toxic new fish drug to meet the needs of farmers.Chinese herbal medicine is a traditional treasure of China,extracted from natural animals and plants.Compared with chemical fish drugs,it has the characteristics of extensive sources,easy availability,low price,and convenient processing,etc.,which can greatly reduce the cost of aquaculture.Among them,Scutcllana baicalensis,as one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines in China,has the effects of clearing heat and dampness,purging fire and detoxifying,stopping bleeding and stabilizing the fetus,and is widely used in the medical field.The commercialized fishery drugs prepared with Scutcllana baicalensis as the main raw material,including dozens of kinds products such as Dahuangqinyu San,Chuanmei Sanhuang San,Dahuangqinlan San,and other Chinese herbal medicines or proprietary Chinese medicines that have been approved for use,have been included in the latest veterinary pharmacopeia,veterinary drug quality standards or announcements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.These commercial fishery drugs have good application prospects in fish diseases prevention,anti-stress,and immunity enhancement.This study summarizes the basic research on Scutellaria baicalensis and its application in aquaculture,providing a theoretical reference for the rational development and popularization of Scutcllana baicalensis in aquaculture in the future.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2023,13(6):48-54]