礼与财的制衡:再观清代宁夏府婚俗

The Balance of Rites and Wealth:A Further Review of the Marriage Customs in Ningxia Fu During the Qing Dynasty

六仪和《朱子家礼》的适用体现了清代宁夏府婚俗对中原传统礼法的继承,也是当地淳朴民风的真实反映。经济繁荣所带来的奢靡之风影响了衡量婚姻质量的标准,婚礼议财也滋生了争讼和抢亲等恶果,纳征和请期顺序的调整可以适当缓解这一矛盾。《民国朔方道志》对清代宁夏府婚俗中“失礼”和“重聘”的苛责并未真正触及婚俗积弊的根源,礼与财之于婚俗是交织混合的附属品。辩证分析古礼中不少仪式需以财物为基础,议财之风的繁盛同时也需要以礼仪等外在活动来彰显,二者制衡的结果是繁琐的仪式被简化,财物的交付量力而行,以热闹喜庆来弱化礼与财之间的对立,使婚俗尽可能回归到朴实的生活。

The application of the“Liuyi”and the“Zhuzijiali”reflects the inheritance of the traditional ritual laws of the Central Plains from the marriage customs of Ningxia Fu in the Qing Dynasty,and is also a true reflection of the local simple folk customs.The extravagance brought about by economic prosperity has affected the standards for measuring the quality of marriage,and the discussion of wealth at weddings has also led to negative consequences such as litigation and marriage snatching.Adjusting the order of“Nazheng”and“Qingqi”can appropriately alleviate this contradiction.The harsh criticism of“disrespect”and“excessive bride-price”in the marriage customs of Ningxia Fu during the Qing Dynasty in the“Minguo Shuofangdaozhi”did not truly touch on the root of the accumulated drawbacks of marriage customs.Rites and wealth are intertwined and mixed accessories to marriage customs.In ancient rituals,many rituals need to be based on property,and the prosperity of the trend of discussing property also needs to be demonstrated through external activities such as etiquette.The result of the balance between the two is that cumbersome rituals are simplified,and the delivery of property is carried out within one’s capacity.The opposition between ritual and property is weakened through lively celebrations,so that marriage customs can return to a simple life as much as possible.