纤维基摩擦纳米发电机的构建及其在可穿戴技术领域的研究进展

Research Progress in the Fabrication and Wearable Applications of Fiber-based Triboelectric Nanogenerators

可穿戴技术为人们提供了便捷化与个性化的健康监测、医疗辅助、运动娱乐等服务,显著提高生活质量。目前,可穿戴设备的能量供给仍然依赖化学电池或外接电源,造成明显的使用不便。从外界环境中收集能量以满足可穿戴设备的能量需求是一种有前途的解决方案。摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)是一种新兴的微型能源装置,因其能够有效地收集和利用人体与环境中的微纳能量实现直接为可穿戴设备供电或实现自供能传感,并以高瞬时电输出、低成本与灵活的特性而受到广泛关注。金属、聚合物薄膜、橡胶等材料被广泛用于TENG的制备中,但致密的结构使得它们在长时间穿戴时易造成人体不适。以纤维材料制备的TENG具有输出功率高、透气性好、形状适应性、材料选择广泛的优势,在可穿戴能源器件、自供能传感、人机交互以及空气过滤等领域应用广泛。介绍了纤维基TENG的构筑及可穿戴器件的应用研究进展,最后对其现有的挑战与发展前景进行总结与展望,为纤维基TENG的发展提供参考。

Wearable technology provides people with convenient and personalized health monitoring,medical assistance,sports,and entertainment services,significantly improving the quality of life.Currently,the energy supply of wearable devices still relies on chemical batteries or external power sources,causing obvious inconve-nience.Harvesting energy from the external environment to meet the energy needs of wearable devices is a promising solution.The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)has gained extensive attention due to its high tran-sient electrical output,low cost,and flexibility,with significant advantages in harvesting low-frequency and ir-regular human motion energy.Materials such as metal,polymer film,and rubber are widely used in the fabrica-tion of TENGs.However,their dense structure can cause discomfort when worn for extended periods.TENGs prepared with fiber materials exhibit advantages such as high output power,excellent air permeability,shape adaptability,and a wide selection of materials.These features make them widely applicable in the fields of wearable energy devices,self-supplied sensing,human-computer interaction,and air filtration.The research progress on the construction of fiber-based TENG and its applications are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and prospects of its development are summarized and envisioned.