北京市设施蔬菜科学施肥模式应用现状及其推广建议

Application Status of Scientific Fertilization Model in Beijing Facility Vegetables and Advise for Its Extension

设施蔬菜生产中,特别是小农户,农业科学技术仍未得到充分应用,不合理的茬口安排和施肥依然存在。通过对北京市设施蔬菜不同施肥模式的应用现状及其生产效益进行分析,挖掘农业科学技术推广难点并提出相应的建议。结果表明,北京市设施蔬菜种植模式以单作为主,施肥模式主要为化肥与有机肥配施;使用测土施肥技术的种植户占总种植户的13.0%;种植户认知水平、是否加入合作社、对外合作情况、技术成本与政府补贴等均影响种植户对农业科学技术的采纳决策。建议通过提高种植户认知水平,改善农业技术推广手段,加强种植户与高校、企业交流合作,完善绿色转型政府帮扶机制等措施,促进农业科学技术的推广和应用,推动设施蔬菜生产中的资源高效利用和绿色发展。

During facility vegetables production,agricultural science and farming techniques are still not fully applied,unreasonable cropping arrangement and fertilization still exist.This paper conducted analysis on the application status of different fertilization models in Beijing facility vegetables and its production benefit;explored the difficulties in agricultural technology popularization;and put forward corresponding suggestions.The results showed that facility vegetables planting model was mainly monoculture in Beijing,and fertilization model was mainly combined application of chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer.Only 13.0%farmer households used soil testing and fertilization techniques.Farmer household’s cognition,whether joining a cooperative,foreign collaboration status,technical cost and whether government subsidies would influence farmer household’s decisions on adopting agricultural technologies.We suggested to accelerate the popularization and application of scientific and agricultural technology,promote efficient use of resources and green development in facility vegetable production by enhancing the cognitive level of farmer households,improving the means of spreading agricultural technology,strethening the exchanges and cooperation between farmer households with universities and enterprises,and perfecting government support mechanism for green transformation.