汉中市2010-2022年麻风流行特征分析

Analysis of leprosy epidemic characteristics in Hanzhong City from 2010 to 2022

目的:了解陕西省汉中市2010-2022年麻风的流行特征,为今后制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法:收集汉中市2010-2022年麻风病例资料,对麻风患病率、新发率、复发率,患者的性别、年龄、职业、地域、发现方式、传染来源等进行描述性分析。结果:汉中市2010-2022年共发现麻风患者88例,其中新发79例、复发9例,年平均发现率0.20/105,年平均患病率0.86/105。新发病人数和新发率除2014年稍微有所反弹外,其余呈逐年下降趋势。发病人数最多的为洋县、宁强县,其次为城固县、勉县。新发病例男女性别比2.59∶1,平均发病年龄(47.94±13.12)岁,中年居多,以农民为主。多菌型占97.47%,MB∶PB为38.5∶1,2级畸残率40.51%,平均诊断延迟期65.73个月,发现方式以皮肤科就诊发现(占48.10%)、自报和他报(34.18%)为主,传染来源不明者占63.29%,家族内传染者占29.11%。结论:汉中市2010-2022年麻风发病呈逐年下降趋势,目前处于低流行状态。新发病例存在诊断延迟期长,畸残率高,传染来源不明等情况。今后应加强麻风健康教育、症状监测、强化病例发现工作,缩短诊断延迟期,降低畸残率。

Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics of leprosy,and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Methods:The data of leprosy cases were collected in Hanzhong City from 2010 to 2022,and conduct descriptive analysis on the incidence rate,new incidence rate,recurrence rate,patient gender,age,occupation,region,mode of discovery,and source of infection.Results:From 2010 to 2022,a total of 88 leprosy patients were found in Hanzhong City,including 79 new cases and 9 relapses.The average annual detection rate was 0.20/106,and the average annual prevalence rate was 0.86/106.The number of new cases and incidence rate have shown a decreasing trend year by year,except for a slight rebound in 2014.The highest number of cases occurred in Yangxian and Ningqiang counties,followed by Chenggu and Mian counties.The gender ratio of newly diagnosed cases is 2.59∶1,with an average onset age of 47.94±13.12 years old.The majority of cases are middle-aged,mainly farmers.Multi bacterial type accounted for 97.47%,MB:PB was 38.5∶1,and the second grade deformity rate was 40.51%.The average diagnosis delay was 65.73 months.The main detection methods were found in dermatology(48.10%),self reported,and other reported cases(34.18%).The source of infection was unknown,accounting for 63.29%,and family transmitted cases accounted for 29.11%.Conclusion:The incidence of leprosy in Hanzhong City has been decreasing year by year from 2010 to 2022,and is currently in a low prevalence state.New cases have long diagnostic delays,high disability rates,and unknown sources of infection.It is necessary to strengthen leprosy health education,symptom monitoring,strengthen case discovery,shorten the diagnosis delay period,reduce the disability ratio.