氚的来源与监测

Sources and monitoring of tritium

核能是世界经济发展中人类不可缺少的能源, 无论是核裂变堆中产生的氚还是核聚变堆的燃料氚, 都存在着泄漏和释放的风险。因此, 对氚在气圈、水圈、土壤圈、生物圈的转移及监测是当前辐射防护领域的一个开拓性的重要课题。笔者从核聚变能分类、核聚变燃料氚的来源与转移、空气中氚的监测、水中氚的分析、土壤中氚的监测、食品与生物样品中氚的分析以及环境中氚水平的监测进行综述, 以便为促进核能发展及氚的危害评价提供重要参考。

Nuclear energy is an indispensable energy for human beings in the development of the world economy.Both the tritium produced in nuclear fission reactors and the fuel tritium adopted in nuclear fusion reactors are at risk of leakage and release.Therefore,the transfer and monitoring of tritium in the aerosphere,hydrosphere,pedosphere and biosphere is a pioneering and important topic in the field of radiation protection.This paper reviewed the classification of nuclear fusion energy,the source and transfer of fuel tritium in nuclear fusion,the monitoring of tritium in air,the analysis of tritium in water,the monitoring of tritium in soil,the analysis of tritium in food and biological samples,and the monitoring of tritium level in the environment,which can provide important reference for the healthy development of nuclear energy and tritium monitoring.