王阳明“山中观花”的现象学研究

A Phenomenological Study of Wang Yangming’s"Watching Flowers in the Mountains"

王阳明与友人“山中观花”的问答,深刻反映其“心外无物”思想,王阳明针对“心外无物”如何容纳客观自然存在物这一难题,直接予以了存在论域的解答。王阳明的思想与胡塞尔对存在信念的悬搁、现象学还原的态度有相通之处。当个体未来看花时,花与心同归于“寂”;当个体来看花时,“此花颜色”对心一时“明白”起来,王阳明这一认识可以用胡塞尔意向性理论中涉及的意识对意向对象的构造作用与对象的视域性显现来进行分析,而“此花不在你的心外”意味着花的“寂”与“明白”这两种现象都内在于个体意识。通过现象学的视角分析“山中观花”,可进一步理解王阳明对心物关系的看法,更深入认识个体意识与现象世界的关系。

The question and answer between Wang Yangming and his friends on"watching flowers in the mountains"deeply reflected his thought that"there is nothing outside the mind".Wang Yangming directly provided an ontological answer to the problem of how"there is nothing outside the mind"accommodates the objective and natural existence.Wang Yangming’s thought has something in common with Husserl’s suspension of belief in existence and his attitude towards the reduction of phenomenology.When an individual does not yet come and take a look at flowers,the flowers and his mind both stay in"quietness";when an individual comes and takes a look at flowers,the"color of the flowers"instantly"understands"the mind.Wang Yangming’s understanding can be analyzed with Husserl’s theory of intentionality,which involves the constructive effect of consciousness on the intended object and the visual manifestation of the object."The flowers are not outside your mind"means that both the"quietness"and"understanding"of the flowers are inherent in the individual consciousness.Through the analysis of"watching flowers in the mountains"from the perspective of phenomenology,we can further understand Wang Yangming’s view on the relationship between mind and object,and gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between individual consciousness and the phenomenal world.