论破产程序中所有权保留的法律效力

Legal Efficacy of Title Retention in Bankruptcy Procedure

功能主义担保观下的所有权保留呈现出担保权利构造的特点。破产程序中的所有权保留买卖合同符合待履行合同的特点,破产管理人对此享有选择履行权。我国民事立法中保留所有权关系的买受人不享有具有物权效力的期待权,在出卖人破产时,买受人的期待利益不会阻碍破产管理人享有选择履行权。出卖人的保留所有权未经登记不得对抗买受人的普通破产债权人。登记保留所有权的出卖人,有权向买受人的破产管理人主张取回标的物,但应参照担保物权的实现程序,适用归属清算或者处分清算的规则,出卖人行权应承受破产法施加于担保物权的程序限制。出卖人的破产管理人对于标的物的取回权性质为民法取回权,其行使受到民事立法登记公示对抗力规则的约束。

Title retention,in the functionalism guarantee view,exhibits the characteristics of guarantee right construction.The sale contract of title retention in the bankruptcy procedure conforms to the characteristics of the executory contract,and the bankruptcy administrator has the right to choose to perform it.In China's civil legislation,the buyer who retains the title does not enjoy the right of expectation with the efficacy of real right.In the event of the seller's bankruptcy,the interest of expectation of the buyer will not hinder the bankruptcy administrator from enjoying the right to choose performance.If the seller's retained title is not registered,it shall not be against the ordinary bankruptcy creditors of the buyer.The seller of registered retained title has the right to claim the recall right of the subject matter from the bankruptcy administrator of the buyer,but the seller should refer to the realization procedure of real right of security,and apply the rules for affiliation liquidation or disposition liquidation.The seller shall be subject to the procedural restrictions imposed by the bankruptcy law on security interests.The nature of the seller’s bankruptcy administrator’s right to retrieve the subject matter is the recall right in the civil law,and its exercise is subject to the force majeure rule of civil legislation registration and publicity.