窄间隙激光填丝焊工艺参数对高强钢焊缝成形及缺陷倾向的影响

Effect of Process Parameters of Narrow Gap Laser Wire Filling Welding on Weld Formation and Defect Tendency of High Strength Steel

以20 mm厚的10Ni5CrMoV高强钢板为试验材料,研究了窄间隙激光填丝焊中激光功率、焊接速度、送丝速度以及光束摆动轨迹对单层填充焊缝成形及缺陷倾向的影响。结果表明:裂纹与气孔是主要焊接缺陷,裂纹断口表面树枝晶成束状排列且表面光滑呈圆形,为典型的凝固裂纹。在本文的研究参数下,随着激光功率增加,焊缝深宽比显著增大,凝固裂纹倾向先增大后减小;焊接速度增大到一定值后气孔、裂纹明显减少;随着送丝速度增加,焊缝“指状”熔深减小,束腰倾向降低,气孔减少。光束摆动对气孔的产生有明显的抑制作用,但不能抑制裂纹产生。

The effects of laser power,welding speed,wire feeding speed and beam swing trajectory on the weld formation and defect tendency in narrow gap laser wire filling welding were studied by using 20 mm thick 10Ni5CrMoV high strength steel plate as the test material.The results show that crack and pore are the main welding defects.The dendrites on the crack fracture are arranged in bundles and the surface is smooth and round,which is typical solidification crack.Under the process parameters in this paper,with the increase of laser power,the depth to width ratio of the weld increases significantly,and the tendency of solidification crack increases first then decreases;when the welding speed increases to a certain value,the pores and cracks are significantly reduced;with the wire feeding speed increasing,the penetration of"finger"weld decreases,the waist tendency decreases,and the pores decrease.The beam oscillating pattern has a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of pores,but it cannot inhibit the generation of cracks.