呼吸道过敏与皮肤过敏的内在联系及机制研究进展

Research progress on the intrinsic relationship and mechanism between respiratory allergies and skin allergies

过敏性疾病是一种全身疾病,累及多个系统。其中,呼吸道和皮肤是过敏反应最常累及的器官,引发的疾病包括过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和急慢性荨麻疹、特应性皮炎等。两个不同系统的过敏疾病在临床上有着密切的联系,经常在同一个患者身上发生,以同步发生、同步加重的形式或者症状互相转移而存在;其中,婴幼儿早期的特应性皮炎是呼吸道过敏的独立危险因素。由过敏原诱发、多种免疫细胞和炎症细胞参与、IgE介导的肥大细胞脱颗粒反应的Ⅰ型变态反应机制,是呼吸道过敏和皮肤过敏的共同发病机制。本文就呼吸道过敏和皮肤过敏两者的流行病学、组织来源、发病机制的关联进行阐述,以期为临床的诊治和制定过敏性疾病预防策略提供新的思路和参考依据。

Allergic disease is a systemic disease that affects multiple systems.Respiratory tract and skin are the most frequently involved organs of allergies,which include allergic rhinitis,asthma,acute and chronic urticaria,atopic dermatitis,etc..They are closely correlated clinically.Respiratory allergies and skin allergies often occur in one patient in the form of synchronous occurrence,synchronous aggravation or mutual transfer of symptoms,and early atopic dermatitis in infants is an independent risk factor of respiratory allergy.TypeⅠhypersensitivity is the most common immunologic mechanism of respiratory and skin allergies,which are mediated by allergens induction,multiple immune cells and inflammatory cells involvement,and IgE medicated mast cell degranulation.This present article provides a brief review on the epidemiology,tissue origin,and pathogenesis of respiratory airway allergy and skin allergy,in order to provide new ideas and reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and the development of allergic disease prevention strategies.