2019—2021年中国九省城乡成人预防接种服务现状

Current status of vaccination services for adults in urban and rural areas of nine provinces in China from 2019 to 2021

目的了解中国成人预防接种现状,探讨如何建立稳定高效的成人疫苗接种服务体系,为制定相应政策提供参考。方法利用中国九个省的疫苗接种信息系统获取2019—2021年的流感疫苗、23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV23)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗城乡接种信息资料,采用接种率/全程接种率进行统计描述。结果中国东部三种疫苗接种率和全程接种率总体上均高于中、西部;城市接种率和全程接种率总体均高于农村;2019—2021年城乡≥60岁人群流感疫苗接种率分别为2.96%、6.29%、6.14%和1.29%、2.58%、2.94%;2019—2021年城乡≥60岁人群PPV23接种率逐年上升,分别为0.38%、1.05%、1.15%和0.14%、0.49%、0.59%,2019—2021年城乡27~45岁成年女性HPV疫苗接种率逐年上升,分别为0.46%、0.93%、1.88%和0.17%、0.40%、1.08%。结论我国成人流感、PPV23和HPV疫苗接种率较低,东部高于中部和西部,城市地区高于农村地区,建议制定相应的卫生经济政策,并探索出适宜于中国现状的成人预防接种服务体系,以提高接种率。

Objective To understand the current situation of vaccination services for adults in China,explore how to establish a stable and efficient vaccination service system for adults,and provide reference for formulating corresponding policies.Methods The vaccination information systems of nine provinces in China were used to obtain information on urban and rural vaccination of influenza vaccine,23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV23),and human papillomavirus vaccine(HPV)from 2019 to 2021.The indicator,vaccination rate/full vaccination rate,was used for statistical description.Results The vaccination rate/full vaccination rate of the three vaccines in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China.The vaccination rate/full vaccination rate in urban areas was generally higher than that in rural areas.From 2019 to 2021,the vaccination rates of influenza vaccine among people aged 60 years and above in urban and rural areas were 2.96%,6.29%,6.14%and 1.29%,2.58%,2.94%,respectively.The vaccination rates of the PPV23 among people aged 60 years and above in urban and rural areas increased year by year,with rates of 0.38%,1.05%,1.15%and 0.14%,0.49%,0.59%,respectively.From 2019 to 2021,the HPV coverage of female adults aged 27-45 years in urban and rural areas increased year by year,with rates of 0.46%,0.93%,1.88%and 0.17%,0.40%,1.08%,respectively.Conclusion The vaccination rates of influenza vaccine,PPV23 vaccine and HPV vaccine for adults in China are relatively low,with higher rates in the eastern region than in the central and western regions,and higher rates in urban areas than in rural areas.It is recommended to formulate corresponding health and economic policies and explore a suitable vaccination service system for adults in China to improve vaccination rates.