元代江南教育与地域诗学的三种学理关联

Three theoretical connections between Jiangnan education and regional poetics in the Yuan dynasty

教育与诗学的关系有三种:教育主体即从教者与诗人及诗坛的关系;教育内容与诗歌教习及诗学宗尚的关系;教育对象及效果与诗人群体(包括流派)、地域诗学传统、诗学传播的关系。宋元以来江南士人的阶层下移及元代社会从业环境的变化,促使诗坛名流多司教职,以学官、教师作为职业身份的诗坛主体,改变了以往诗坛的构成模式,成为元代江南诗坛的一大特征。在元代官学、书院、家塾刻书中,诗学教材的刊刻是重要一项,这些教材反映了元代江南地区的诗学宗尚。在教育推力下,因宗尚、师承等因素聚合而成的地域性诗人群体或流派,以及所形成的地域诗学传统,是推动元代诗学发展的重要因素。同时,诗学教育在元代江南的兴盛,促进了诗学普及,对古典诗学的发展产生了重要影响。

There are three connections between education and poetics,including the connection between poetry instructors as the subject of education and poets and the relevant poetic circles,the connection between the teaching content and poetry instruction and the relevant poetic sects,the connection between the object and effect of poetry instruction and poet groups(including poetics schools),the tradition of regional poetics and the spread of poetics.Since the Song and Yuan dynasties,the downgrade of the class of Jiangnan scholars and the working environment of the society have prompted poetic celebrities to take up teaching positions.The majority of the poetry world were academic officials and teachers,who,considering their professional identities,changed the previous model of the poetry world,and shaped a unique feature of the Yuan dynasty poetry.Local schools,academies,and private schools printed many poetic textbooks,which reflected the poetic ideas of literati in the Jiangnan area.Under such education,the regional poet groups or schools,formed because of the poetic sects and instruction,and the regional poetics tradition,promoted the development of poetics in the Yuan dynasty.At the same time,the popularity of poetry education in Jiangnan prompted the popularization of poetics,which had an important impact on the development of Chinese classical poetics.