基于FSA的相邻罐消防冷却水系统设计探讨

Discussion on the Design of Adjacent Tank Fire Cooling Water System Based on FSA

罐区消防冷却系统是油田站场消防设计重点,结合中东地区某油田罐区消防冷却保护设计实例,解决相邻罐设计问题。通过对比国内外标准发现,在确定相邻罐设计固定式冷却喷淋系统方面,国内外均采用罐壁之间间距是否大于N倍罐直径的设计原则;在消防冷却喷淋强度及面积设计方面,总体趋势为我国标准体现冷却喷淋强度低,罐壁冷却面积大;国际标准体现冷却喷淋强度高,罐壁冷却面积小,考虑罐壁上半部分气相空间冷却。同时,国际上引入火灾安全分析(FSA)复核消防冷却设计方案,通过软件模拟不同火灾工况下的相邻罐表面热辐射强度,按热辐射强度超过12.5 kW/m^(2),则需考虑设计固定冷却喷淋系统,可结合事故泄漏发生频率高低、工程投资费用等进行最终确定。通过火灾安全分析复核,罐区消防冷却设计满足要求,得出在风险可接受条件下的消防设计方案,为项目投资决策提供技术支持,保障项目后续运行阶段平稳顺利。

The fire cooling system in tank areas is a key focus of fire protection design for oilfield stations.Combining with the fire cooling protection design example of an oilfield tank farm in the Middle East,the design problem of adjacent tanks is solved.By comparing domestic and foreign standards,it is found that in determining the design of fixed cooling spray systems for adjacent tanks,both domestic and foreign design principles are based on whether the spacing between tank walls is greater than N times the tank diameter.In terms of fire cooling spray intensity and area design,the general trend is that Chinese standards reflect low cooling spray intensity,large tank wall cooling area,considering the gas phase space cooling on the upper half of the tank wall,international standards reflect high cooling spray intensity,small tank wall cooling area.At the same time,internationally,fire safety analysis is introduced to review fire cooling design schemes,and software is used to simulate the surface thermal radiation intensity of adjacent tanks under different fire conditions.If the thermal radiation intensity exceeds 12.5 kW/m^(2),it is necessary to consider designing a fixed cooling spray system,which can be determined based on the frequency of accident leakage,engineering investment costs,etc.Through fire safety analysis and review,the tank farm fire cooling design meets the requirements,and the fire protection design scheme under the condition of acceptable risk is obtained,which provides technical support for project investment decision,and ensures the smooth and stable operation in the subsequent stages of the project.