乡村振兴战略下社会经济地位对农民新技术采用影响研究

Study on the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Farmers’Adoption of New Technologies under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

农业新技术的采用是推动农业现代化、助力乡村振兴的关键环节。以农民微观主体为对象构建农民社会经济地位、双元学习、驻村第一书记和农业新技术采用间影响机制的理论框架。基于浙江杭州、陕西安康、甘肃平凉三市598户农民调查数据,采用二元Probit模型和Bootstrap中介效用模型,实证考察了农民采用农业新技术的影响因素。研究结果显示,社会经济地位对农民新技术采用有显著的正向影响;探索式学习和利用式学习方式对不同社会经济地位农民新技术采用的中介效应正向显著,且利用式学习的中介效应高于探索式学习;驻村第一书记在不同社会经济地位农民新技术采用中存在调节效应。据此,建议通过完善农业支持保护政策,推进农村基本公共服务均等化、加强政府技术推广、发挥驻村第一书记跨层级治理作用等,促进农业新技术应用体系良性循环。

The adoption of new agricultural technologies is a key link in promoting agricultural modernization and contributing to rural revitalization.However,with high-tech inputs,strong technology,and policy support,there are still difficulties in the interface between the development of new agricultural technologies and their usages by farmers in China,and the adoption rate of new technologies is still relatively low.The low adoption rate of new agricultural technologies poses a serious challenge to the modern agricultural technology innovation system in China and has become one of the key issues limiting agricultural modernization.According to the differences in economic development level,resource endowment,and new technology adoption level.Considering the distribution of geographic location in the east and west,598 farmers in Hangzhou(Zhejiang Province),Ankang(Shaanxi Province)and Pingliang(Gansu Province)are selected.Based on survey data,a Binary Probit model and Bootstrap-mediated utility model are used to examine the factors influencing farmers’adoption of new agricultural technologies.Specifically,the existing research is advanced from the following three aspects:first,the impact paths of farmers’adoption of new technologies are detailed and validated into direct,mediated,and moderated paths.Second,in addition to considering the direct role of household socioeconomic status and farmers’learning,learning is distinguished into dual learning styles of exploratory learning and exploitative learning,and the mediating role of dual learning is explored separately.Third,an empirical study is used to further validate the moderating role of the first secretary in the village in farmers’new technology adoption.The results show that:socioeconomic status has a significant positive effect on farmers’adoption of new technologies in the three sampled cities,and farmers with high socioeconomic status have a higher probability of adopting new technologies,and socioeconomic status influences farmers’adoption of new technologies through exploratory learning and exploitative learning,and Hangzhou City,which is located in an economically developed area,has a significant positive effect on farmers’adoption of new technologies compared to the other two cities.There is a significant mediating effect of both exploratory learning and exploitative learning in terms of each dimension of socioeconomic status.Geographically there is a negative effect of Ankang and Pingliang on farmers’exploratory learning and exploitative learning relative to Hangzhou,which is developed in the east.The test results of the mediating effect of dual learning show that the total mediating effect of dual learning on the adoption of new technologies by farmers with different socioeconomic statuses is positively significant,and the mediating effect of exploitative learning is higher than that of exploratory learning.The first secretary in the village plays a significant moderating role in the adoption of new technologies by farmers with different socioeconomic statuses.Accordingly,it is recommended to improve agricultural support and protection policies and enhance farmers’socioeconomic status,promote the equalization of basic public services in rural areas and strengthen government policies on agricultural technology promotion in the west,and bring into the cross-level governance role of the first secretary to achieve a positive interaction between farmers’enthusiasm in using new technologies and policy implementation.