2022年海南省市售蔬菜中烟碱类农药残留状况分析及膳食暴露评估

Analysis of nicotine pesticide residues in commercial vegetables in Hainan Province in 2022 and evaluation of dietary exposure

目的了解海南省市售蔬菜的烟碱类农药残留状况并进行膳食暴露评估。方法2022年采集海南省18个市县市售7大类20个细类共122份蔬菜,测定蔬菜中10种烟碱类农药的残留,并对成人进行短期和长期膳食暴露评估。结果海南省市售122份蔬菜中烟碱类农药残留检出率为30.3%。检出烟碱类农药残留6种,其中检出率最高的噻虫嗪污染了4大类蔬菜和8个蔬菜细类,在1份豇豆样本中检出啶虫脒超过国家标准限值,其余121份蔬菜样本均在国家标准许可范围。噻虫啉、氯噻啉、哌虫啶和环氧虫啶4种农药未检出。7大类蔬菜烟碱类农药检出率的排序:茄果类>叶菜类>鳞茎类>瓜果类>鲜豆类>芸薹类>块茎类,其中茄果类检出率为60.0%,检出烟碱类农药5种,单份样本中最多检出烟碱类农药3种。菜豆、菠菜、芹菜、山药、西蓝花、茼蒿和甘蓝这7个细类蔬菜未检出烟碱类农药残留。18个市县中五指山市、东方市和海口市的蔬菜烟碱类农残检出率均>60.0%,临高县和三亚市未检出烟碱类农药残留。成人急性膳食暴露值为0.0663%~29.7%,成人慢性膳食暴露值为0.431%~1.990%,累计暴露评估值为0.0583。结论2022年海南省蔬菜中存在烟碱类农药残留,急性及慢性膳食暴露风险较低,但是仍应持续保持对蔬菜中烟碱类农药残留的监测。

Objective To understand the status of nicotine pesticide residues in commercial vegetables in Hainan Province and assess dietary exposure.Methods In 2022,122 vegetable samples of 7 major categories and 20 fine categories were collected from18 cities and counties in Hainan Province.The residues of 10 nicotinic pesticides in vegetables were determined,and short-term and long-term dietary exposure assessments were conducted for adults.Results The detection rate of nicotine pesticide residues in122 commercial vegetables in Hainan Province was 30.3%.Six types of nicotine pesticide residues were detected,among which thiamethoxam,the highest detection rate,contaminated four major categories of vegetables and eight fine categories of vegetables,the acetamiprid was detected in 1 cowpea sample that exceeded the national standard limit,while the remaining 121 vegetable samples were below the national permitted limit.Four pesticides,including thiacloprid,imidacloprid,paichongding and cycloxaprid,were not detected.The sequence of the detection rates of nicotinic pesticides in seven major categories of vegetables was as follows:eggplant fruits>leafy vegetables>bulbs>melons and fruits>fresh legumes>brassica>tubers.The detection rate of eggplant fruits was 60.0%,with five types of nicotine pesticides detected.A maximum of three types of nicotine pesticides were detected in a single eggplant fruits sample.No nicotine pesticides were detected in seven fine categories of vegetables,including kidney beans,spinach,celery,yams,broccoli,crowndaisy chrysanthemum,and cabbage.In 18 cities and counties,the detection rate of nicotinic pesticide residues in vegetables from Wuzhishan City,Dongfang City,and Haikou City was greater than 60.0%,and no nicotine pesticide residues were detected in Lingao County and Sanya City.The acute dietary exposure value in adults was 0.0663%-29.7%,and the chronic dietary exposure value was 0.431%-1.990%,and the cumulative exposure assessment has a value of 0.0583.Conclusion There are nicotine pesticide residues in vegetables in Hainan Province in 2022,and the risk of acute and chronic dietary exposure is low,however,it is necessary to continue to monitor nicotine pesticide residues in vegetables.