2017—2022年贵州省农区鼠类群落组成及种群数量变化规律

Changes in community composition and population size of rodents in agricultural areas of Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022

为摸清贵州农区鼠类群落组成及种群数量变化特征,于2017—2022年在9个市(州)开展鼠情监测,调查到3目4科17种害鼠。住宅区域褐家鼠为优势种,种群占比为57.16%,黄胸鼠、小家鼠为常见种,种群占比分别为18.74%、15.81%;农田区域黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠为优势种,种群占比分别为49.38%、23.18%,小家鼠为常见种,种群占比为6.44%,不同时期、不同地区鼠类优势种、常见种种群占比不尽相同。农区鼠类种群数量总体较低,6年平均捕获率为2.07%,其中,住宅区域平均捕获率为1.60%,农田区域平均捕获率为2.28%。农区鼠类种群数量在不同年度、月份、季节、地区之间均存在明显的差异,春季和秋季是鼠类种群数量的高峰期。

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in community composition and population size of the rodent community in agricultural areas of Guizhou Province.Rodent monitoring was conducted in nine cities(prefectures)from 2017 to 2022,and 17 rodent species from four families of three orders were studied.The rodent populations were monitored for 836 months,during which 447532 traps were placed,and 9268 rodent individuals were captured.The results showed that Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in residential areas,accounting for 57.16% of the population.Rattus tanezumi and Mus musculus were the common species,representing 18.74% and 15.81% of the population,respectively.In farmland,Apodemus agrarius and R.norvegicus were the dominant species,accounting for 49.38% and 23.18% of the population,respectively,while M.musculus was the common species,accounting for 6.44% of the population,respectively.The proportion of the dominant species and common species of rodents varied between periods and regions.In agricultural areas,rodent populations were generally low,with an average capture rate of 2.07% over six years.The average capture rate in residential areas was 1.60%,while in farmland it was 2.28%.Population size differed significantly across years,months,seasons,and regions,with the abundance peaking in spring and autumn.