“把”字句中功能范畴的句法语义作用

Functional Categories’Syntactic-semantic Roles in Ba-Constructions

“把”字句的主要谓词受致使范畴与达成范畴的扩展,这为“把”字句提供了“致使—达成”这样的语义骨架。处置属于有意愿的致使,既跟致使范畴有关,又跟致事的意愿性有关。致使范畴除了选择有意愿的致事外,还会选择无意愿的致事,包括无意愿的施事、受事、活动及其非核心的参与者。包含无意愿致事的“把”字句都没有处置义。达成范畴也可以选择各种事件参与者充当役事与结果,结果论元表达状态、位置、属性与数量等方面的变化。主要谓词表达致使或达成的方式,这在“把”字句句法中不可或缺。

The primary predicates in the Ba-constructions are extended by the functional categories such as Caus(e)and Bec(ome)which supply a semantic skeleton such as‘Cause-Become’for the constructions.The disposal can be defined as an intentional cause,which is related with Caus and intentional causer.Caus can select an intentional causer and an unintentional causer.The latter includes an unintentional agent,patient,action and some non-core participants.The Ba-construction with a non-intentional causer does not have disposal meaning.Bec can select any participants as Causee and Result.Result has a change in the state,position,property and numeral.The primary predicate denotes a manner of cause or become,and cannot be deleted.