语言类型学与汉语研究四十年

Linguistic Typology and Chinese Studies——A Research Review of the Past Forty Years

语言类型学引入汉语学界四十年,经历了三个阶段,从早期的介绍和模仿,到理论的发展和深化,再到类型学理论与汉语事实的融合。类型学重要概念广为汉语学者所接受,并运用于语言研究中,汉语研究的类型学视野成为一种重要的研究范式。语言类型学在中国接受和发展不是偶然的,汉语学界的功能主义取向为语言类型学在中国生根发芽提供了肥沃的土壤,国内丰富的民族语言和汉语方言为语言类型学的发展提供了大量的语言材料,汉语不少违反类型学普遍共性的语言现象更是引起语言类型学者的广泛关注。

The journey has gone roughly three stages:the introduction of the theory and imitative studies in the first years,the exploration and development of the theory,and the integration of the theory with Chinese studies.Some of the key concepts of the theory have been well recognized and widely employed in the field of Chinese studies,such as the phenomena of“four-without-one”,and semantic mapping,etc.It has become a common practice to study Chinese from the perspective of linguistic typology.The quick acceptance and popularity of the theory in the field of Chinese studies is no coincidence.It can be accounted for from several perspectives:First,the preference for functionalism in Chinese studies serves as a welcoming environment for the theory.Second,the variety of Chinese dialects and languages of the minority ethnic groups provides an abundance of language database.Thirdly,a large amount of exceptional cases found in Chinese has aroused great interest in the field of linguistic typology.