迷途与回归:社会支持理论在未成年人司法社会工作中的运用——以H省X市某个案帮教为例

Lost and Return:The Application of Social Support Theory in Juvenile Judicial Social Work-A Case Study of Rehabilitation and Education Case in X City,H Province

在社会和经济迭代升级的背景下,未成年人犯罪数量上升,且呈现出多样性与低龄化的特点。在未成年人认知未完全形成时,个人意识层面的偏差、朋辈群体的不良示范、家庭教育合理性的缺失、社会有利资源的匮乏极易致使未成年人走向迷途。社会工作在未成年人保护中兼具合法性与合理性。文章选取H省X市涉罪未成年人小刘打架斗殴的个案为例,从社会支持理论视角出发,对小刘的社会支持进行内容、水平及支持网络评估,挖掘其涉罪的原因,最后从个体、家庭、朋辈、社会等方面帮助服务对象构建正式及非正式支持系统,助力服务对象顺利回归社会,进一步为社会支持理论在未成年人司法社会工作领域的运用提供经验借鉴。

Against the backdrop of social and economic iteration and upgrade,the number of juvenile crimes is increasing,characterized by diversity and young age.When the cognitive awareness of minors is not fully formed,deviations at the personal level of consciousness,negative peer influences,lack of rationality in family education,and a scarcity of beneficial social resources can easily lead minors astray.Social work plays a vital role in the protection of minors,ensuring both legality and rationality.Taking a case study of a minor offender,Xiao Liu,involved in a fight in X city,H province,this article explores the social support received by Xiao Liu from the perspective of social support theory.It evaluates the content,level,and support network of Xiao Liu's social support and uncovers the reasons behind his criminal behavior.Finally,it focuses on helping the service recipients,from individual,family,peer,and social support aspects,to build a strong formal and informal support system,aiding their successful reintegration into society.This case study aims to provide practical experience and reference for the application of social support theory in the field of juvenile judicial social work.