十堰市医学生生态环境与健康素养现状及相关因素

Current status and related factors of the ecological environment and health literacy among medical students in Shiyan City

目的了解十堰市医学院校在校大学生的生态环境与健康素养水平现状及相关因素,为提高医学生生态环境与健康素养水平提供参考。方法于2023年5-6月以十堰市湖北医药学院大学生为研究对象,采用偶遇抽样的方法选取1312名在校医学生进行生态环境与健康素养水平及相关调查,对不同特征人群生态环境与健康素养水平进行χ^(2)检验,采用二分类多因素Logistic回归模型分析其主要相关因素。结果十堰市医学生生态环境与健康素养总体具备率为24.3%;不同性别、年级、专业和民族间医学生生态环境与健康素养具备率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为5.13,54.87,64.71,5.99,P值均<0.05)。生态环境与健康素养基本知识、基本理念、基本技能3个一级分类素养的具备率分别为4.6%,49.5%和50.4%,6个二级分类指标的具备率分别为基本认知(53.2%)、基本态度(34.5%)、科学知识(3.0%)、行为知识(22.5%)、认知技能(59.5%)、操作技能(48.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,少数民族、生物医学专业与医学生生态环境与健康素养均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.61,0.52),女生、公共卫生专业、大二和大四年级与医学生生态环境与健康素养均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.44,1.95,2.16,2.24,P值均<0.05)。结论十堰市医学生生态环境与健康素养总体水平较低。学校应多角度多层次地开展环境健康知识的普及,提高医学生环境健康素养的整体水平。

Objective To investigate the current situation and related factors of the ecological environment and health literacy level of medical college students in Shiyan City,so as to propose relevant countermeasures and suggestions for improvement in these domains.Methods From May to June 2023,1312 medical students from Hubei University of Medicine in Shiyan City were selected by accidental sampling to investigate the level and influencing factors of the ecological environment and health literacy among this population.The Chi-square test and binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the different characteristics and main influencing factors of the ecological environment and health literacy levels in this population.Results The level of the ecological environment and health literacy level among medical students in Shiyan City was 24.3%.Different levels of ecological environmental and health literacy were observed among medical students by gender,grade,major and ethnicity(χ^(2)=5.13,54.87,64.71,5.99,P<0.05).Higher rates were also observed among public health major students than among students of other majors.The first three classification literacy levels consisting of basic literacy,basic knowledge,and basic skills were 4.6%,49.5%and 50.4%,respectively.The possession rates of six secondary classification indicators were as follows:basic cognition(53.2%),basic attitudes(34.5%),scientific knowledge(3.0%),behavioral knowledge(22.5%),cognitive skills(59.5%)and operational skills(48.6%).The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that ethnic minorities and biomedical majors were negatively correlated with medical students'ecological environment and health literacy(OR=0.61,0.52),while female students,public health majors,sophomores and seniors were positively correlated with medical students'ecological environment and health literacy(OR=1.44,1.95,2.16,2.24,P<0.05).Conclusions The overall level of ecological environment and health literacy among medical students in Shiyan City is low.Schools should popularize environmental health knowledge from different perspectives in order to improve the overall literacy level of environmental health literacy among medical students.