北京市某中学初二学生不同体能课练习密度与运动负荷分析

Analysis of exercise density and exercise load in different physical classes for second-year junior high school students from Beijing City

目的探究北京初二学生不同体能课的运动强度、有效运动负荷情况,为优化体能课的教学内容、合理调控运动负荷、科学开展体育教学提供参考。方法于2022年10—11月,选取北京市西城区某中学初二30名学生,通过Polar心率采集设备监测体能课心率,采用心率区间和训练冲量(TRIMP)量化运动强度和运动负荷,采用独立样本t检验对不同维度心率差异进行统计分析。结果初二学生体能课平均心率为(140.62±9.41)次/min,有效运动负荷(心率≥120次/min)时间占比为77.2%,中高强度(MVPA)的心率负荷时间占比为51.9%。速度练习、速度耐力练习、耐力练习体能课的平均心率为(137.89±8.82)(137.67±11.27)(145.35±8.98)次/min。体育课男女生的平均心率为(144.22±24.95)(136.31±28.78)次/min,差异无统计学意义(t=4.04,P>0.05),男、女生有效运动负荷累计时长分别为(34.08±7.52)(28.43±5.39)min。体能课平均TRIMP值为(100.46±16.56),练习密度为72.06%。结论北京初二学生体能课运动强度适宜,以中高强度为主,MVPA累计时间充足;学生平均心率、练习密度达到要求。应根据学生体质的个体差异科学设置体能课运动负荷,提升中学生体质健康水平。

Objective To explore the exercise intensity and effective exercise load of different physical fitness classes for second-year junior high school students in Beijing,so as to provide a reference for optimizing the teaching content of physical fitness classes,reasonably regulating exercise load and the scientific development of physical fitness.Methods From October to November 2022,30 second-year junior high school students from a middle school in Xicheng District,Beijing were selected to have their heart rate monitored during physical fitness classes using Polar heart rate monitors.Heart rate intervals and training impulse(TRIMP)were used to quantify exercise intensity and load.Independent sample t-test was used to statistically analyze differences in heart rate across different dimensions.Results The average heart rate of students in physical fitness classes was(140.62±9.41)counts/min,with effective exercise load(heart rates≥120 counts/min)time accounting for 77.2%,and heart rate load of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)time accounting for 51.9%.The average heart rates for speed,speed endurance,and endurance physical fitness classes were(137.89±8.82)(137.67±11.27)and(145.35±8.98)counts/min,respectively.The average heart rates of male and female students in physical education class were(144.22±24.95)and(136.31±28.78)counts/min,and the difference was not statistically significant(t=4.04,P>0.05).The cumulative durations of effective exercise load among male and female students were(34.08±7.52)and(28.43±5.39)min,respectively.The average TRIMP value for physical fitness classes were(100.46±16.56),with a exercise density of 72.06%.Conclusions The exercise intensity of physical fitness classes for second-year junior high school students in Beijing is appropriate,mainly with moderate to vigorous intensity,and the accumulated time of MVPA is sufficient.The average heart rate and exercise density of students meet the requirements.Scientific setting of physical fitness class exercise load should be based on individual differences in students'physical fitness,in order to improve the physical health level of middle school students.