高强度间歇训练运动对肥胖小学生身体健康影响

Effect of high-intensity interval training exercise prescription on the physical health of obese primary school students

目的探讨高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对肥胖小学生身体成分和心肺适能的影响,为HIIT运动处方应用于学校提供理论依据和实践参考。方法2022年8—12月,招募深圳市某小学25名肥胖小学生[年龄(11.0±0.4)岁,体质量指数(BMI):(23.3±0.8)kg/m^(2)]随机分为运动组(13名)和对照组(12名)。在12周运动干预后[负荷期与间歇期时间均为15 s,负荷期运动强度为100%最大有氧速度(MAS),间歇期运动强度为50%MAS,每次2组×8回合,组间休息2 min,共10 min,每4周进行1次20 m往返跑测试(20 m-SRT)以调整和更新MAS],比较干预前后肥胖小学生身体成分和心肺适能指标的变化。结果干预后,运动组肥胖小学生的体重、BMI、体脂肪含量、体脂率和内脏脂肪面积分别由(55.6±6.2)kg,(22.7±0.6)kg/m^(2),(41.8±6.9)kg,(23.4±5.5)%和(102.4±39.0)cm^(2)下降至(52.3±5.8)kg,(21.1±0.8)kg/m^(2),(38.6±6.3)kg,(20.2±4.5)%和(84.2±26.9)cm^(2)(t值分别为8.73,10.96,7.02,4.92,4.95);收缩压(SBP)由(115.4±9.7)mmHg下降至(112.3±8.7)mmHg(t=2.96);骨骼肌含量、20 m-SRT和最大摄氧量(VO_(2)max)分别由(21.3±5.3)kg,(21.6±4.9)次,(39.4±2.0)mL/(kg·min)增加至(21.8±5.2)kg、(31.4±6.3)次和(43.6±2.6)mL/(kg·min)(t值分别为-3.33,-8.37,-10.56)(P值均<0.05)。结论HIIT运动处方有效改善了肥胖小学生的身体成分与心肺适能,有条件的学校可将其作为肥胖学生减控体重、提高心肺健康水平的干预措施。

Objective To examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students,so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for HIIT exercise prescription in schools.Methods From August to December 2022,25 obese children[age:(11.0±0.4)years,BMI:(23.3±0.8)kg/m^(2)]from a primary school in Shenzhen were recruited and divided into an exercise group(n=13)and a control group(n=12).After 12 weeks of exercise intervention[The durations of load period and intermittent period were 15 s,load exercise intensity was 100%maximal aerobic speed(MAS),and intermittent exercise intensity was 50%MAS,each time there were 2 groups×8 rounds,and the rest between groups was 2 minutes,totaling 10 minutes,and 20 meter shuttle run test(20 m-SRT)was performed once every 4 weeks to adjust and update MAS],the changes in body composition and cardio-respiratory fitness indexes of obese subjects before and after the intervention were compared.Results After the intervention,body weight,BMI,body fat,body fat percentage,and visceral adipose tissue area of obese subjects in the exercise group decreased from(55.6±6.2)kg,(22.7±0.6)kg/m^(2),(41.8±6.9)kg,(23.4±5.5)%and(102.4±39.0)cm^(2) to(52.3±5.8)kg,(21.1±0.8)kg/m^(2),(38.6±6.3)kg,(20.2±4.5)%and(84.2±26.9)cm^(2),respectively(t=8.73,10.96,7.02,4.92,4.95,P<0.05).SBP decreased from(115.4±9.7)mmHg to(112.3±8.7)mmHg(t=2.96,P<0.05).The content of skeletal muscle,20 m-SRT and VO_2max increased from(21.3±5.3)kg,(21.6±4.9)times and(39.4±2.0)mL/(kg·min)to(21.8±5.2)kg,(31.4±6.3)times and(43.6±2.6)mL/(kg·min),respectively(t=-3.33,-8.37,-10.56,P<0.05).Conclusions HIIT is an effective way to improve the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students.It is recommended that schools with the necessary conditions use this method as an intervention measure to help reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health among obese students.