全球生产网络视角下珠三角地区汽车制造业布局时空演变特征研究

Spatial-temporal pattern of auto manufacturing under the Global Production Network in the Pearl River Delta

基于2013年和2018年珠三角地区九市经济普查中区县尺度的就业人员数据和深度访谈数据,采用密度、锡尔指数、全球莫兰指数探讨2013—2018年期间珠三角地区汽车制造业布局的时空演变特征,并从全球生产网络视角分析其演变的原因。研究发现:环珠江口地区和珠江东岸汽车生产密度较高,深圳、广州和佛山密度较高,拥有整车企业的广州和深圳两个中心城市郊区以及一般城市中心区密度较高,空间分布不相关且越来越不相关,集中程度中等且呈下降趋势。从全球生产网络视角的分析发现,汽车龙头企业与各级政府的商讨战略决定了整车企业布局在珠江口地区和东岸的广州、深圳和佛山,导致这三大城市整车企业分布的区县(基本在郊区)密度较高;零部件企业与区级政府的商讨战略、汽车龙头企业与零部件企业以及零部件企业之间的伙伴战略、汽车龙头企业内部的协调战略共同决定了零部件企业的最初布局在上游供应商(通常是整车企业)的区县和距离整车企业2小时车程内的周边区县。无整车企业但拥有工业园区的区县政府在商讨过程中给零部件企业提供更优惠的土地、税收等政策,导致零部件企业分布更加分散,这些区县一般位于除广州、深圳之外的7大城市中心。

The spatial-temporal pattern of auto manufacturing has attracted scholars'great in‐terests.The Pearl River Delta(PRD)is an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,which is one of the world's four major bay areas.However,there is little study on the spatial-temporal pattern of auto manufacturing and its dynamics in the this area.Based on the economic census employment data of the nine cities in 2013 and 2018,the density,Theil Index and Global Moran's Index are employed to discuss the characteristics of auto manu‐facturing distribution in PRD during 2013-2018.It founds that:The density of the PRD and the east bank of the Pearl River is high.The density of Shenzhen,Guangzhou and Foshan is higher,and the density of two core cities(Guangzhou and Shenzhen)suburbs and the seven city centers with auto enterprises is higher.Distribution of auto manufacturing had become more uncorrelat‐ed.The degree of concentration is moderate and decreasing.Global production network theory of extra-firms--auto lead firms and governments bargaining strategy determines the distribution of assemblers in Guangzhou,Shenzhen and Foshan city of the around Pearl River area and the east bank.As a result,the density of districts(majority of them in the suburbs)in these two regions and three major cities with assemblers is higher.Extra-firms--auto parts and district governments bargaining strategy,inter-firms--auto lead firms and suppliers partnership strategy,and intra-firms--auto lead firms coordination strategy decided the initial distribution of the auto parts in those districts around or within two hours'driver from their upstream suppliers mainly assemblers.However,with the governments of industrial parks without assemblers providing more preferential land,tax and other policies to parts enterprises in the bargaining process,auto parts dispersed more,the density of these districts with industrial parks usually in the city centre of seven cities except Guangzhou and Shenzhen became higher,the spatial distribution increased uncorrelated,the degree of concentration was medium and showed a downward trend.