宿主遗传背景与肠道微生物互作研究进展

Research progress in the interaction between host genetic background and gut microbiota

“微生物”这一名词指非常小的生物,如古菌、细菌、原生生物、真菌和病毒,肠道“微生物组”表示的是肠道微生物集合体。它们实际上共享宿主的身体空间,但作为宿主健康和疾病的决定因素却几乎被忽视。作为信息的集合,微生物组包括微生物的基因组数据、结构元件、代谢物和环境条件。最近对肠道微生物组的研究表明,微生物群落在维持宿主稳态和调节宿主表型上发挥着重要作用。随着包括二代测序(next-generation sequencing,NGS)在内的新技术的出现以及微生物群落序列谱等深入测定技术出现,人们对肠道微生物组与宿主遗传背景之间的关系有了许多见解。本文通过肠道微生物组学的概述,基于全基因组关联分析技术建立肠道微生物组学与宿主遗传之间联系,并对宿主遗传学与肠道微生物组的关系及未来发展前景进行探讨。

The term“microorganism”refers to tiny organisms such as archaea,bacteria,protists,fungi,and viruses,and the term“microbiome”refers to a collection of microorganisms.Although they share the body space of the host,their roles as determinants in host health and diseases are ignored.As a collection of information,the microbiome includes the genomic data,structural elements,metabolites,and environmental conditions of microorganisms.Studies have demonstrated that the microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining host homeostasis and regulating host phenotypes.With the advent of new technologies,including next-generation sequencing(NGS)and sequencing-based microbiome profiling,researchers have probed into the relationship between the microbiome and host phenotypes.By an overview of microbiome,this paper elaborated on the microbiome-host genetics interactions based on genome-wide association analysis and made an outlook on the future of this field.