自适应润湿性油水分离网膜研究进展

Research Progress of Oil-Water Separation Membranes with Adaptable Wettability

在石油资源开发与利用过程中,溢油事件的频发和工业含油污水的排放会威胁生态环境和人类健康。为了保护有限的水资源并从废水中回收油,近年来研究者们研究出了各种自适应润湿性油水分离网膜。这类网膜无需任何持续的外部刺激,只需简单的预润湿,就可以实现水下超疏油和油下超疏水间的可逆切换。根据材料在空气中的润湿性,我们将自适应润湿性油水分离网膜分为三大类:(1)空气中两亲-液下双疏网膜;(2)空气中亲油、疏水-液下双疏网膜;(3)空气中疏油、疏水-液下双疏网膜。本文总结了近几年来利用自适应润湿性材料来实现油水分离的相关研究工作和进展情况,针对材料的制备方法、过滤膜表面的构建过程、实现油水分离的原理以及这些材料的主要特点和应用效果等展开论述。最后,探讨了该领域目前面临的挑战,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

During the development and utilization of petroleum resources,the frequent occurrence of oil spills and the discharge of industrial oily wastewater will pose great danger to ecological environment and human health.To protect limited water resources and recover oil from wastewater,in recent years,researchers have developed various oil-water separation membranes with adaptable wettability.This type of membranes does not require any continuous external stimulation,and only needs to be pre-wet to realize the reversible switch between underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity.According to the material wettability in air,oil-water separation membranes with adaptable wettability can be divided into three categories:(1)in air amphiphilic/under-liquid dual superlyophobic membranes;(2)in air oleophilic and hydrophobic/under-liquid dual superlyophobic membranes;(3)in air amphiphobic/under-liquid dual superlyophobic membranes.This review summarizes recent research progress in applying adaptable wettability materials to achieve oil-water separation,including the preparation methods,the construction process of the membrane surface,the principles of achieving oil-water separation,and the main characteristics and applications.Finally,challenges and future prospects of oil-water separation membranes with adaptable wettability are discussed.