基于外部性理论的网侧储能成本疏导机制研究

Externality Theory-based Cost Sharing Mechanism of Grid Side Energy Storage

“双碳”目标下构建以新能源发电为主体的新型电力系统需要大量灵活性资源保障其可靠运行。大规模的网侧储能为电力系统提供调峰、调频、惯量支撑等多元服务,具有重要调节作用。然而,网侧储能仅靠峰谷电价差获取电量收益难以回收其投建成本,已成为制约大规模网侧储能发展的主要原因。为此,基于外部性理论对网侧储能成本疏导机制展开研究。在分析市场环境下网侧储能对源-网-荷多主体外部性价值特点的基础上,建立包含储能外部性价值量化及储能成本疏导的网侧储能双层规划决策模型,即上层给出储能的规划容量,下层模拟网侧储能参与现货市场运营对市场电价的影响,并量化其对不同市场主体的外部性价值,同时反馈到上层决策模型引导储能投资;进而设计网侧储能的成本分摊方法及基于市场清算的成本疏导机制。算例结果表明,所提方法能够指导网侧储能的投建规模,所设计的成本疏导机制满足多市场主体激励相容,可以缩短储能项目的成本回收年限,并与现有电力市场交易规则兼容性好。

Under the“dual carbon”goal,building a new type of power system with high proportion of renewable energy requires a large amount of flexible resources to ensure its reliable operation.Large scale grid side energy storage plays an important role in providing diverse services to the system,such as peak shaving,frequency modulation,and inertia supporting.However,it is hard to recover the storage costs only relying on the electricity market revenue from arbitrage,which has become the main cause to restrain the investment and development of the grid side storage.Therefore,this paper investigates the cost sharing mechanism of the grid side storage based on the externality theory.On the analysis of the externality value characteristics of the grid side storage versus multi-agents under the market environment,a bi-level decision model of the grid side storage including the externality value quantification and the storage cost sharing is established.The upper level gives the optimized planning capacity of its energy storage,and the lower level simulates the impact of storage on the market prices and quantifies the externality value to different market entities.Simultaneously,the lower level feedbacks the market price and cost compensation signals to the upper model to guide the storage investment.Furthermore,a cost sharing method for the grid side energy storage is designed and the cost sharing mechanism is applied relying on the market clearing.The calculation results show that the proposed method is able to guide the scale of the grid side energy storage investment and shorten the cost recovery period of storage projects.The designed cost sharing mechanism meets the compatibility of the multi-agent incentives and is well compatible with the existing electricity market trading rules.