早产儿出生后1年生长速度及影响因素分析

Analysis on growth rate and influencing factors of premature infants within one year after birth

目的探讨早产儿出生后1年生长速度及影响因素。方法选择2020年5月—2021年12月在北京大学第一医院宁夏妇女儿童医院出生并在儿童保健中心定期健康检查随访的86例早产儿为研究对象,同期健康检查的451例足月儿为对照组,回顾性分析并比较两组儿童出生后1、3、6、9、12月龄身长、体质量、头围的实测数值和生长速度。结果早产儿出生后1、3、6、9、12月龄身长均低于足月儿,1、3、6、9月龄体质量均低于足月儿,1、3、6、9月龄头围均低于足月儿,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。早产儿出生后0~3、4~6月龄段平均每月身长增长值均高于足月儿,0~3、4~6月龄段平均每月体质量增长值均高于足月儿,1~3、4~6月龄段平均每月头围增长值均高于足月儿,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归法分析结果显示:早产儿平均每月身长增长值的主要影响因素为出生身长(95%CI:-0.121~-0.055)、性别(95%CI:-0.379~-0.045)、出生胎龄(95%CI:-0.139~-0.002),平均每月体质量增长值的主要影响因素为出生体质量(95%CI:-0.184~-0.149)、出生身长(95%CI:0.015~0.045)、出生胎龄(95%CI:-0.063~-0.001)。结论根据早产儿不同时期的生长速度,选择合理方法进行早期评估和干预,可促进早产儿健康生长。

Objective To explore growth rate and influencing factors of premature infants within one year after birth.MethodSsAtotal of 86 premature infants born in PKUFH-Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital from May 2020 to December 2021 and followed up at Children's Health Care Center for regular health examination were selected as study object,and 451 full-term infants who received health examination during the same period were selected as control group.The measured values and growth rates of children in the two groups at the age of 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after birth were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results The length of premature infants at the age of 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after birth were lower than those of full-term infants,the weight of premature infants at the age of 1,3,6,and 9 months after birth were lower than those of full-term infants,head circumference of premature infants at the age of 1,3,6,and 9 months after birth were lower than those of full-term infants,there were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The average monthly growth of length of premature infants during O-3 and 4-6 months after birth were higher than those of full-term infants,the average monthly growth of weight of premature infants during O-3 and 4-6 months afer birth were higher than those of full-term infants,the average monthly growth of head circumference of premature infants during 1-3 and 4-6 months after birth were higher than those of full-term infants(all P<0.05).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of average monthly growth of length of premature infants included birth length(95%Cl:-0.121--0.055),gender(95%CI:-0.379--0.045),and birth gestational age(95%CI:-0.139--0.002),the main influencing factors of average monthly growth of weight of premature infants included birth weight(95%Cl:-0.184--0.149),birth length(95%Cl:0.015-0.045),and birth gestational age(95%Cl:-0.063--0.001).Conclusion According to the growth rate of premature infants during different periods,selecting reasonable methods for early evaluation and intervention can promote healthy growth of premature infants.