行政黑名单制度功能的重新定位

Repositioning the Institutional Function of Administrative Blacklist

行政黑名单制度具有失信惩戒和风险预防双重功能。而目前的行政黑名单制度以失信惩戒为主,导致失信惩戒功能对风险预防功能的挤压,行政黑名单制度与行政处罚、行政强制重叠,行政黑名单制度设计预期的落空,以及对信用主体权益的不当侵害。风险预防功能与失信惩戒功能在规制目的、规制地位、正当性依据等诸多方面存在本质差异。基于“信用”的风险工具属性、“放管服”改革与优化营商环境的要求,以及风险预防功能的独立性等理据,行政黑名单制度应当转向风险预防定位,并需在列入程序、跨领域参考、合比例衡量、修复标准等方面进行变革和完善。

The administrative blacklist system has dual functions of punishment for dishonesty and risk prevention.At present,the administrative blacklist system mainly focuses on the punishment,which leads to the extrusion of the risk prevention function by punishment for dishonesty,the overlap of administrative blacklist system with administrative punishment and coercion,the failure of the design expectation of administrative blacklist system,and the improper infringement of the rights of credit subjects.There are essential differences between the function of risk prevention and the function of punishment for dishonesty in the aspects of regulatory aims,regulatory status,and legitimate source,etc.Based on the attributes of credit risk tools,the requirements of“reforms to streamline the government,delegate power,and improve government services”and optimization of the business environment,and the independence of the risk prevention function,the administrative blacklist system should be shifted to risk prevention.In addition,it is necessary to reform and improve the listing procedures,cross-field reference,proportional measurement,repair standards and other aspects.