债务人破产时债权人保证债权的行使

The Exertion of Guaranty of Creditor When Debtor Goes Bankrupt

在债务人破产时,债权人既可以向破产管理人申报破产债权,也可以请求保证人履行保证债务,还可以在申报破产债权的同时或者之后请求保证人履行保证债务。为避免债权人同时向破产管理人和保证人主张权利所可能导致的超额受偿问题,在债权人因保证人的代偿行为获得全部清偿的情形下,保证人法定地承受债权人的地位,在债务人破产程序中行使权利。在债权人因保证人的代偿行为未获全部清偿的情形下,保证人同样在其代偿范围内承受债权人的地位,债务人的破产管理人原已确认的债权人的债权由债权人和保证人“准共有”,若保证人已经履行全部保证债务,则债权人与保证人在债务人破产程序中平等受偿;若保证人仅履行了部分保证债务,则债权人的剩余债权就同一债权的破产分配额优先于保证人而受偿。债权人无论采取何种方式主张保证债权,均受保证期间和保证债务诉讼时效的限制,关于债权人在“破产程序终结后6个月”内主张保证债权的规则即应不再适用。

When the debtor becomes bankrupt,the creditor may either lodge a proof with the administrator or request the guarantor to assume the guarantee liability,or may request the guarantor to assume the guarantee liability at the same time as the proof is lodged or thereafter.In order to prevent the problem of overpayment that may be caused by creditors claiming their rights from the administrator and the guarantor at the same time,in the case where the creditor is fully satisfied as a result of the guarantor's paying the principal debt,the guarantor statutorily assumes the position of the creditor and exercises its rights in the debtor's bankruptcy proceedings;and in the case where the creditor is not fully satisfied as a result of the guarantor's paying the principal debt,the guarantor likewise assumes the position of the creditor to the extent of the paid sum,and the creditor's proof originally recognized by the administrator is“quasishared”by the creditor and the guarantor.If the guarantor has assumed full responsibility for the guarantee,the creditor and the guarantor will be equally compensated in the debtor's bankruptcy proceedings;and if the guarantor has assumed only partially responsible for the guarantee,the creditor's remaining claim shall be paid in priority to the guarantor in respect of the bankruptcy distribution for the same claim.Regardless of the manner in which a creditor asserts a guarantee claim,it is subject to the guarantee period and the limitations for the guarantee debt,and the rule that a creditor asserts a guarantee claim“six months after the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings”shall no longer apply.