法律域外适用体系建设中的管辖权:演化规则与关联结构

Jurisdiction over the System of Extraterritorial Application of Law During the Construction Process:Evolutionary Rule and Associative Structure

国家管辖规则及其结构安排是法律域外适用体系建设的核心之一。域外管辖的传统法理基础来自国家对领土的有效管辖,并在实践中派生出领土延伸和域外投射两种类型。随着全球化和数字化时代的到来,国家对人、事物、行为和场所的管辖均具有了衍生特征。与其从领土的角度考察域外管辖权,不如以“联系”为焦点探索国家管辖规则。国家管辖权的合理配置面临大国过度管辖与小国“搭便车”等难题,对此可在认可多元主义管辖权必然存续的背景下,探索将国家与管辖对象之间“联系”的紧密和重要程度作为评价管辖权行使正当性的方法,同时发挥跨国企业的主动选择能动性,强化各国维护国际公共秩序的责任。在推动我国法域外适用的法律体系建设中,“真实联系”与“合法利益”应是行使域外管辖权考量的核心要素。

The core of the construction of foreign-related legal mechanism is how to provide the national jurisdiction rules.The traditional legal basis of extraterritorial jurisdiction comes from the nation's effective jurisdiction over its territory,such as territorial extension and extraterritorial projection.With the advent of globalization and digitalization,the jurisdiction of the nation over people,issues,conducts and places has evolved.Instead of examining extraterritorial jurisdiction from the concept of territory,it is better to explore the jurisdictional rules of the nation with the focus of“connection”.The rational allocation of national jurisdictions confronts with such difficulties as excessive jurisdiction by Big Power and“free riding”by small countries.Under the background of recognizing the inevitable existence of pluralistic jurisdiction,it suggests to employ the closeness and importance of the“connection”between the regulatory nation and the regulatory object as a method to evaluate the legitimacy of the exercise of jurisdiction,and at the same time,multinational companies'choices could function as an assessment of the rationality of the exercise of jurisdiction.Besides,it is appreciated that to strengthen the responsibility of nations to maintain international public order.In short,for the purpose of the construction of foreign-related legal mechanism,the analysis of“real connection”and“legitimate interests”should be emphasized when China aims to exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction.