环境刑事裁判适用认购碳汇的理性审视

A Critical Analysis on the Application of Carbon Sink Subscriptions in Environmental Criminal Adjudication

认购碳汇的司法适用在有些基层人民法院能动展开,通过梳理适用认购碳汇的环境刑事案例,发现适用认购碳汇存在缺乏刑事实体法依据、作为量刑情节适用具有矛盾性、认购碳汇未遵循碳汇方法学程序等问题。环境刑事裁判适用有关碳汇的措施,首先应体现履行国家自主贡献义务的法定义务性,强调碳汇增量以体现刑事制裁的惩罚性,应适用“开发碳汇”而非“认购碳汇”;其次应遵循碳汇方法学体现程序正当性,具体措施包括建立统一的碳汇损失测量制度、遵循替代性修复措施的法定次序,尤其在刑事裁判中适用林业碳汇措施时应当遵行我国国家核证自愿减排量(CCER)项目的方法学要求,进行碳汇的开发、监测和核证。

The application of carbon sink subscriptions in criminal adjudication have been actively carried out in some Primary People′s Courts.By analyzing environmental criminal cases where carbon sink subscriptions were applied,the following problems were identified:lack of substantive criminal law,contradictions in application,lack of carbon sink methodological procedures and ect.In criminal adjudications,measures in relation to carbon sinks need some improvements.Firstly,the carbon sinks should have the nature to fulfill Nationally Determined Contributions,and as incremental carbon sinks to reflect the punitive nature of criminal sanctions.Secondly,the application of carbon sinks should comply with carbon sink methodologies to ensure procedural legitimacy.Key measures include:to establish a standardized system for measuring the loss of carbon sinks,to follow the statutory sequence orders of alternative remediation measures.Notably,the application of forestry carbon sinks in the criminal adjudications should follow the methodological requirements of China′s CCER projects with regard to the development,monitoring and certification of carbon sinks.