环境刑事司法中适用“认购碳汇从宽”的实践反思与制度调适

Practical Reflection and Institutional Adjustment on the Application of"Leniency Based on Carbon Sink Subscription"in Environmental Criminal Judicial

“认购碳汇从宽”是环境刑事司法实践中为弥补传统刑罚应对环境犯罪不足而创新的机制,对于助力实现“双碳”目标亦有裨益,但由于缺乏具体明确的法律依据,实践中出现了定位模糊、适用范围不清、修复目的未彰、从宽尺度不宜等问题,存在滥用的风险。从规范评价角度,“认购碳汇”具有修复、教育与促进公益的功能,据此“从宽”具有正当性,可以解释为《刑法》上的免予处罚事由和酌定量刑情节。从环境刑事司法实践中的适用现状及刑事立法政策导向来看,认罪认罚从宽制度可以为适用“认购碳汇从宽”提供参照;同时,应结合环境犯罪的特点与“认购碳汇”的机制特性明确其具体适用规则。

The mechanism of"Leniency Based on Carbon Sink Subscription"is an innovation in environmental criminal judicial practices to address the shortcomings of traditional penalties in dealing with environmental crimes,and it is also beneficial for assisting in achieving the"Dual Carbon"goals.However,due to the lack of specific legal basis,related criminal justice practices have encountered issues such as vague positioning,unclear scope of application,unspecified restoration purposes,and inappropriate leniency scales,posing risks of abuse.From a normative evaluation perspective,"Carbon Sink Subscription"serves the functions of restoration,education,and promotion of public welfare.Therefore,the leniency measures can be justified,interpreted as grounds for non-punishment under the Criminal Law,and as discretionary sentencing considerations.Considering the current application status in environmental criminal justice practices and the legislative policy orientation,the system of leniency based on peccavit can serve as a reference for the application of"Leniency Based on Carbon Sink Subscription".At the same time,specific application rules should be clarified by taking into account the characteristics of environmental crimes and the mechanisms of"Carbon Sink Subscription".