数字经济赋能粮食统一大市场:作用机理和实现路径

Digital Economy Enabling a Unified Grain Market:Action Mechanisms and Realization Pathways

构建统一的粮食大市场对保障粮食有效供给、维护国家粮食安全具有重要意义。基于2011—2020年31个省份面板数据,实证分析数字经济对粮食市场整合的影响效应和作用机制。结果表明:1)从总体上看,数字经济通过规模效应、成本效应和精准匹配效应提升粮食市场整合水平。2)从异质性来看,数字经济对粮食市场整合的影响效应存在区域差异,具体表现为东中部地区及粮食主销区、主产区更为显著。3)从作用机制上看,粮食流通效率是数字经济影响粮食市场整合的重要中介变量。4)从非线性效应来看,数字经济对粮食市场整合的影响存在双重门槛,当数字经济发展水平较低时,其对粮食市场整合的影响为负;在跨越第二个门槛值之后,影响效应由负转正,具有显著的“梅特卡夫特征”。基于此,建议加大数字经济基础设施建设,尤其需要提升中西部地区、产销平衡区的数字经济水平,缩小数字鸿沟,以数字化赋能粮食流通产业智慧化转型,提高粮食流通效率,推动粮食统一大市场的建成。

The construction of a unified grain market is of great significance to ensure effective grain supply and maintain national grain security.The article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact and mechanism of action of the digital economy on grain market integration,and conducts an empirical test based on panel data of 31 provinces from 2011 to 2020.The results show that:1)The development of digital economy promotes the integration of grain markets by scale effect,cost effect and precision matching effect.2)There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of the digital economy on grain market integration,which is more significant in the east and central regions and the main marketing and production areas of grain.3)Grain distribution efficiency is an important mediating variable in the integration of grain markets influenced by digital economy masters.4)There is a double threshold for the impact of digital economy on grain market integration.When the development level of digital economy is low,it has a negative effect on grain market integration.After the second threshold value is crossed,its effect increases significantly and turns from negative to positive,which means a significant“Metcalfe characteristic”.Therefore,it is vital to boost the construction of digital economy infrastructure.It is especially necessary to enhance the level of the digital economy in the central and western regions and production and sales balance areas,narrow the digital divide and empower the intelligent transformation of grain distribution industry digitally,as well as improve the efficiency of grain distribution and promote the completion of a unified grain market.