立方体弹丸超高速撞击薄板碎片云及穿孔特征仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Perforation Characteristics of Fragments of Cubic Body Projectile Impacting Aluminum Sheet at Ultra-High Speed

目前主要是采用球形弹丸进行超高速撞击碎片云的研究工作,而空间碎片的实际形状大部分都并非球形,因此很有必要完善和深化非球形弹丸超高速撞击碎片云的相关研究。为此,本文采用非线性动力学软件AUTODyN-3D对立方体弹丸超高速撞击铝薄板所产生的碎片云及薄板穿孔特性进行数值仿真分析,得到了立方体弹丸在三种撞击姿态下以5km/s速度超高速撞击1.25mm厚铝薄板10μs内碎片云的演化过程,以及10μs时刻下的碎片云特征点速度参数和薄板穿孔特征参数随弹丸撞击姿态、撞击速度和无量纲参数薄板厚度与立方体弹丸边长之比H/L变化的规律。分析结果表明:三种撞击姿态下的碎片云在碰撞发生4μs之后均已经进入稳定的匀速膨胀阶段;除了角撞击的V2d/V不受撞击速度V的影响和面撞击的V2d/V不受薄板厚度与立方体弹丸边长之比H/L的影响之外,其它工况下的特征点速度参数均随V的增加而逐渐增大,随H/L的增加而逐渐减小;撞击速度V和薄板厚度与立方体弹丸边长之比H/L的增加有助于穿孔尺寸的扩展,而撞击姿态则对薄板穿孔形状特征影响更显著。

At present,spherical projectiles are mainly used to study hypervelocity impact debris clouds,and most of the actual shapes of space debris are not spherical.Therefore,it is necessary to improve and deepen the research on hypervelocity impact debris clouds of non-spherical projectiles.Therefore,the nonlinear dynamics software AUTODYN-3D is used to numerically simulate and analyze the debris cloud and perforation characteristics of the thin plate generated by the hypervelocity impact of the cube projectile on the aluminum thin plate.The evolution process of the debris cloud within 10μs of the hypervelocity impact of the 1.25mm thick aluminum thin plate by the cube projectile at 5km/s under three impact attitudes is obtained,and the velocity parameters of the debris cloud feature points and the perforation characteristic parameters of the thin plate at 10μs with the projectile impact attitude,impact velocity and dimensionless parameters are obtained.The ratio of the thickness of the thin plate to the side length of the cube projectile H/L changes.The analysis results show that the debris clouds under the three impact attitudes have entered a stable uniform expansion stage after 4μs of the collision.Except that the V2d/V of the angular impact is not affected by the impact velocity V and the V2d/V of the surface impact is not affected by the ratio of the thickness of the thin plate to the side length of the cube projectile H/L,the velocity parameters of the feature points under other conditions increase with the increase of V and decrease with the increase of H/L;the increase of the impact velocity V and the ratio of the thickness of the thin plate to the side length of the cube projectile H/L contributes to the expansion of the perforation size,while the impact attitude has a more significant effect on the shape characteristics of the perforation of the thin plate.