成都天府国际机场地表昆虫群落及其与边界生境的关系

Ground‑Dwelling Insect Community and Its Relationship with Boundary Habitat in Chengdu Tianfu International Airport

2022年3月—2023年2月,对成都天府国际机场围界内草坪地表昆虫群落特征进行了调查,探究了与机场4种边界生境相邻的机场内草坪间、不同距离梯度处地表昆虫分布差异。(1)共鉴定出10目49科101属119种昆虫,优势类群为直翅目Orthoptera、膜翅目Hymenoptera、鞘翅目Coleoptera和双翅目Diptera。(2)不同边界生境相邻草坪间,地表昆虫优势度和多样性指数无显著差异;地表昆虫物种丰富度:林地相邻草坪(Ⅱ)>灌丛相邻草坪(Ⅰ)>农田相邻草坪(Ⅳ)>裸地相邻草坪(Ⅲ),Ⅰ、Ⅱ显著高于Ⅲ;地表昆虫物种多度:Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ,Ⅱ显著高于Ⅲ。(3)不同距离梯度下,地表昆虫丰富度、多度和多样性从机场围界向草坪内部呈递减趋势,而优势度则相反。(4)地表昆虫丰富度和多度夏季最高,冬季以直翅目和双翅目为主,夏、秋季主要为直翅目、膜翅目和鞘翅目。研究结果为机场昆虫的综合防治提供了科学依据。

Mastering the occurrence of insects in the airport is of great importance to the prevention and control of bird strikes in the airport.From March 2022 to February 2023,the characteristics of ground-dwelling insects in the lawn of Tianfu International Airport were investigated to explore the distribution differences of ground-dwelling insects between the lawns adjacent to the four boundary habitats outside the airport and the lawns at different distance gradients from the bound‐ary.The results showed that:(1)A total of 119 species of insects belonging to 101 genera,49 families and 10 orders were identified,and the dominant groups were Orthoptera,Hymenoptera,Coleoptera and Diptera.(2)There was no significant difference in the dominance and diversity index of ground insects between the lawns adjacent to different boundary habi‐tats.The species richness ranking of the ground-dwelling insects was:the lawn adjacent to woodland>the lawn adjacent to shrub land>the lawn adjacent to farmland>the lawn adjacent to bare land.The species richness of the lawn adjacent to shrub land and woodland was significantly higher than that adjacent to bare land.The abundance ranking of the grounddwelling insect species was:the lawn adjacent to woodland>the lawn adjacent to farmland>the lawn adjacent to shrub land>the lawn adjacent to bare land.The abundance of the lawn adjacent to woodland was significantly higher than that adja‐cent to bare land.(3)According to the different distance gradients,the richness,abundance and diversity of the grounddwelling insects showed a decreasing trend from the airport boundary to the interior of the lawn,while the trend of domi‐nance was opposite.(4)The richness and abundance of the ground-dwelling insects were the highest in summer and the lowest in winter.In winter,Orthoptera and Diptera were the dominant species,while Orthoptera,Hymenoptera and Cole‐optera were the dominant in summer and autumn.The results provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive control of in‐sects in airports.