桑桑牦牛乳品质特性分析

Analysis of Milk Quality Characteristics in Sangsang Yak

桑桑牦牛是西藏自治区日喀则市昂仁县的特色牛种,已被列为全国农产品地理标志。为深入开发利用桑桑牦牛乳产品,2023年8月份采集了10头桑桑牦牛的乳样,依据国家标准对其营养成分、氨基酸及脂肪酸含量进行了检测,同时与奶牛乳及不同品种的牦牛乳进行了营养成分对比。结果表明,桑桑牦牛乳的蛋白质含量为4.78%,脂肪含量为5.20%,非乳脂固体含量为11.71%,乳糖含量为5.17%,其营养成分含量远高于奶牛乳。与其他牦牛品种相比,桑桑牦牛乳的蛋白质及乳糖含量也比较高。桑桑牦牛乳的氨基酸总量(TAA)为4.88 g/100 g,谷氨酸的含量最高,为1.21 g/100 g,半胱氨酸的含量最少,为0.05 g/100 g。其中必需氨基酸(EAA)为1.90 g/100 g,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)为2.98 g/100 g,EAA/TAA为38.93%,EAA/NEAA为63.76%。与奶牛及其他品种牦牛相比,桑桑牦牛乳是氨基酸含量最高的牛乳。桑桑牦牛乳中共检出14种脂肪酸,主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,占89.63%;多不饱和脂肪酸有反亚油酸和γ-亚油酸,分别为0.84%和1.03%。综上说明,桑桑牦牛乳含有丰富的营养物质,有着极高的开发利用潜力以及研究价值。

Sangsang yak is a characteristic cattle breed in Angren county,Shigatse city,Tibet autonomous region,and has been listed as a national geographical indication of agricultural products.In order to further develop and utilize Sangsang yak milk products,milk samples of 10 Sangsang yaks were collected in August 2023,and their nutrient composition,amino acid and fatty acid content were tested according to national standards,and the nutritional content of ordinary cows and different breeds of yaks was compared.The results showed that the protein content of Sangsang yak milk was 4.78%,fat content was 5.20%,non-milk fat solid was 11.71%,and lactose content was 5.17%.The nutrient content of Sangsang yak milk was much higher than that of ordinary cow milk.Compared with other yak varieties,the protein and lactose content of Sangsang yak milk was higher.The total amino acid(TAA)of Sangsang yak milk was 4.88 g/100 g,among which the content of glutamic acid was the highest,at 1.21 g/100 g,the content cysteine was low,which were 0.05 g/100 g.Among them,the essential amino acids(EAA)were 1.90 g/100 g,the nonessential amino acids(NEAA)were 2.98 g/100 g,the EAA/TAA was 38.93%,and the EAA/NEAA was 63.76%.Compared with cow milk and different breeds yak milk,the amino acid content of Sangsang yak milk was the highest.A total of 14 fatty acids were detected in Sangsang yak milk,mainly unsaturated fatty acids,accounting for 89.63%.Polyunsaturated fatty acids included linolelaidic acid andγ-linoleic acid,0.84%and 1.03%respectively.In summary,Sangsang yak milk is rich in nutrients and has high development and utilization potential and research value.